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The cell cycle refers to the steps that a cell goes through to divide into two daughter cells. The cycle consists of four phases: G1 (growth and preparation for DNA synthesis), S phase (DNA replication), G2 (further growth and preparation for cell division), and M phase (mitosis, where the cell physically divides into two). The cell cycle ensures the proper distribution of genetic material and helps ensure organisms grow and repair tissues. However, when the cell cycle is disrupted by mutations or environmental factors, cell growth can become uncontrolled, leading to the development of diseases such as cancer.
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