Chromatography - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

Early chemists used chromatography to separated color combinations by utilizing filter paper on color collection. The dye solution transported the material formed by the action of the capillaries, while the dye components produced lines of different colors. In the 19th century, German botanists conducted a deliberate experiment to test this phenomenon. For example, they noticed the development of brightly colored rings by throwing an invisible composite solution in the middle of a paper; Friedrich Gopelsröder 1861; He published a letter…

The purpose of this experiment was to monitor the oxidation reaction of benzoin to benzil through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and extract the product with liquid-liquid extraction. During the oxidation reaction a phase-transfer catalyst called Stark’s catalyst was used and then monitored by TLC until completion. From the oxidation reaction the product was purified through a liquid-liquid extraction. It is important to purify the products from a liquid-liquid extraction to ensure that impurities do not show up in the analysis…

The value of the impure aspirin RfP compared with pure aspirin RfA, the difference between these two substances was only 0.64 - 0.58 =0.06, which was less than 0. 01. Because the Rf value of a compound was constant on the same plate in condition of the temperature and solvent were kept the same and the closer the value of RfP and RfA the possible these two substances were the same. So the crude product had a very high purity,…

Economies of scale Scale economies are based on the notion that large units are more economical because fixed costs can be spread over more units of production. The company may consider using a large unit of capacity in two cases: Firstly if the cost of building and operating large production equipment does not increase linearly with volume. A machine with twice the output rate generally costs less than twice to as much to buy and operate. Also, in larger facilities…

Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. belongs to the family Pandanaceae. It is widely distributed in Southeast Asia including Philippines and Indonesia. It is a small, leafy herb, less than 1 meter tall. Pandanus leaves are mostly used in Southest Asian cooking. In Indian Ayurvedic, P. odoratissimus is recommended for the treatment of headache, rheumatism, spasm, cold, epilepsy, wounds, scabies and ulcer[17]. It is also believed to have medicinal properties including antiviral, anti allergy, anti platelet, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer action. Preliminary screening…

Hemolymph samples were obtained from chilled, surface-sterilized two-day-old 5th instar larvae of Mythimna separata that had been deprived of food for 4 hours [22]. After puncturing the propterothoracic membrane at the base of the coxa of the metathoracic leg, hemolymph was drawn from the hemocoel and collected in a 10-fold volume TNM-FH medium containing 1.0 mM phenylthiourea. Then, the anti-cancer QDP and the pesticide EMB were added to the medium until the final concentrations were 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and…

Introduction Biotechnology companies have has different types of departments like Manufacturing (Production), Quality assurance, Quality control, Research & Development, Microbiology, and financial & Procurement departments. Manufacturing (Production) department acts as the heart of the Company [1]. This department is responsible for converting raw materials and other recipients of finished products. All process to involve in the preparation of the product of the receipt of material through Processing, Packaging, and labeling with a finished product. The Manufacturing department provides guidance for…

Abstract: The present communication reports the preparation of carvedilol an adrenergic antagonist drug by a novel design of synthesis which has improved the yield. An optimized synthesis by screening different solvents and bases was proposed using R software. Finally better conditions for preparation of carvedilol in high yields were established. Keywords: 4-hydroxy carbazole, epichlorohydrin, 4-(2, 3-epoxyprpoxy) carbazole, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy) ethanamine, R software Introduction Carvedilol (Figure I) is an adrenergic antagonist with both non-selective ?1, ?2 and ?1 receptor blocking agent and…

Simple Summary: Altered faecal lipidome reflects the gross outcome of nutrient intake, digestion, and absorption by both the gut microbiome and the animal gastrointestinal tract, providing means to study animal-microbiota interactions. Faecal lipidome profile also shows changes in lipid metabolism, a hallmark feature of diet-induced metabolic changes and hence the interest in its use as a biomarker to predict dietary composition. This study illustrates faecal lipidome components and their ratios as a biomarker for forage quality in beef cattle fed…

2.5 Preparation of curde laccase from Stenotrophomonas YBX1 The harvest Stenotrophomonas sp. YBX1 cells grown on 250ml of nutrient broth after 24 hrs of incubation followed suspended in 20 ml of 50 mM sodium aceatate buffer pH 6, and sonicated for 5 minutes at 4°C. The extract was centrifuged (9500xg, 30 min, at 4°C) and the resulting supernatant was filtered first by passing 0.45µ filter membrane. Clear filtrate was used for enzymatic assays and further subjected to purification steps followed…

For application in biochemical aspect, this technique can find out the quaternary structure of purified proteins which possess slow exchange times, since it can be carried out under native solution conditions and preserve macromolecular interactions. The reason why we use this technique for purification is Size exclusion chromatography is a low resolution chromatography method as it does not identify similar species very well. It can also test the tertiary structure of protein as it measures the hydrodynamic volume, allowing folded…

IntroductionHave you ever pondered the colorful array of candies and questioned the secrets hidden within their vibrant hues? The answer lies in the intricate world of Candy Chromatography. Colored dyes, responsible for the captivating shades of candies, can be unraveled and studied through this analytical method. Bags of M&Ms or Skittles, with their assortment of colors, beckon us to explore the identities of the dyes that bring these treats to life. This essay delves into the art and science of…

I. INTRO There are different types of components in plant pigments. The most important and abundant chemical pigment discovered in plants is chlorophyll. This pigment exists in 2 types; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a, being the primary photosynthetic pigment, has a primary purpose to transform light energy to chemical energy utilized by the plant itself. Chlorophyll b soaks up light in a region of the spectrum apart from the dominant chlorophyll, and transfers the energy it produces to…

1. Describe what each of your chromatography strips looked like. Specifically, identify the pigments on each strip and compare their positions to one another. Plants have four types of pigments, namely chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and xanthophylls. These pigments have different polarities and chemical properties. In paper chromatography, the pigments will separate based on their affinity to the medium (paper), and affinity for the solvent. The solvents used in this experiment are water (polar) and acetone (mid-polar). Therefore, the different pigments…

ABSTRACT Chromatography is the separation of mixtures into their constituents. It relies on the differential solubilities or absorptivities of the components to be separated with respect to two phases, one of which is stationary and the other, mobile. The group aims to separate the coloured components of siling labuyo using column chromatography then determine the purity of the components using thin layer chromatography and lastly, measure the RF values of the coloured components in thin layer chromatography. The students plugged…

Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into components as a result of differential partitioning behavior between a stationary phase and a mobile phase that percolates through the stationary bed. [1, 2] Column and thin layer chromatography are examples of the solid-liquid method of chromatography, which utilizes an adsorbent solid stationary phase (silica) and a liquid mobile phase. In column chromatography, the solid stationary phase is situated within a tube as the liquid mobile phase is added to the…