APUSH chapter 39-41 terms

Elected to the Presidency, and promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soldiers from South Vietnam. Part of the Watergate Scandal.

Nixon's vice-president, resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland.

Former Pentagon official who leaked the Pentagon Papers

Secretary of State appointed by Nixon as his national Secretary Advisor, and engaged shuttle diplomacy.

the Supreme Court justice chosen by Nixon because he had a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

He ruled on the controversal case of abortion in Roe vs. Wade.

This anti-war South Dakota Senator lost a landslide election to Nixon in 1972, and planned to pull troops.

A North Carolina senator who conducted the Watergate hearings.

White House lawyer whose charges against Nixon were confirmed by the Watergate tapes

United States biologist who was famous for her opposition to the use of harmful pesticides in wildlife (1907-1964)

Nixon's vice president after Agnew resigned, the only president never to be elected.

He took office after Nixon resigned and pardoned Nixon for all federal crimes that he "committed or may have committed."

The President after Ford, during a U.S. energy crisis and the hostages in Iran, he helped to sign a treaty between Egypt and Israel.

Leader of Iran supported by the United States who wanted to nationalize their oil and improve economy, sparks Iranian Revolution and Shah is overthrown (1979)

Iranian religious leader of the Shiites

Soviet leader who supported intervention if communism was threatened

relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China

presidential refusal to allow an agency to spend funds that Congress authorized and appropriated

Giving money back to the state and local government with no strings attached

The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security.

amendment that changed the legal voting age from 21 to 18

an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

secret government documents published In 1971; revealed that the u.s. government had misled Americans about the Vietnam war.

most important Detente treaty in which the US and the Soviet Union agreed to limit antiballistic missiles

negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons

Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles where several nuclear weapons were mounted on a single missile.

tactic of the Republican Party for winning presidential elections by securing the electoral votes of southern states

Result of break-in committed by Nixon's administration; goal was to cover attempted burglary, and led to Nixon's resignation

Richard Nixon's committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a "dirty tricks" campaign against the democrats in 1972. They raised tens of millions of dollars in campaign funds using unethical means. They were involved in the infamous Watergate cover-up.

informal name of what started as a list of President of the United States Richard Nixon's political opponents

A night in which many of Nixon's top ranking officials resigned or were fired because of the Watergate Scandal

Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort

federal legislation that prohibited discrimination in education whether in academics or athletics

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

In medical school students cannot be admitted by quota but race can be considered for admission. Important reverse discrimination

Place in South Dakota where 200 unarmed Native Americans were killed in 1890

the second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Many Arab countries created embargo against U..S. for support of Isreal in Yom Kippur War, then the Iran Revolution caused U.S. to not have enough oil supplies for energy

Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries.

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

1979 kidnapping of American Embassy hostages in Iran that lasted for over a year.

40th president from 1981-1989. He was involved in the tearing down of the Berlin Wall and Ending the Cold War after spending millions of dollars on arms, and the Iran-Contra Affair.

conservative prime minister (first woman) of Britain. Involved in tax cuts for the rich, which was controversial.

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)

Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran; his invasion of Kuwait led to the Gulf War

Led Moral Majority to restore Christian values to society

first woman supreme court justice. appointed by Reagan

President after Reagan, President when Cold War ended and when Sadam Hussein invaded Kuwait, sent troops to Iran which started the Persian Gulf war

President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.

South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)

leader of Panama, tried on drug trafficking racketeering and money laundering.

Successful commander of American forces in the First Persian Gulf War

African American Associate Supreme Court Justice; appointed by Bush, Sr.; controversal confirmation hearings chaired by Joe Biden

Democratic president (1993-2001) whose two-term presidency saw economic growth.

billionaire who ran in the 1992 election agaisnt Clinton and Bush as an independent. Wanted to end deficit spending.

first lady of bill clinton, senator for new york, closest a woman has come to presidential candidate

Became Speaker of the House of Represenatives following the 1994 elections - conservative Republican

1996 Republican presidential nominee who was soundly defeated by Bill Clinton

Republican Candidate. Was a prisoner of war in Vietnam.

governor of Alaska who was the first female to ever be nominated for VP as a Republican

White House intern whose affair with Bill Clinton led to his impeachment.

Son of a former president who narrowly defeated Albert Gore in the disputed 2000 presidential election. Led during the War on Terror and the 9/11 attack.

The Vice President and President of the Senate as of January 19, 2009, Secretary of Defense under George Bush. Oversaw Operation Desert Storm.

decorated Vietnam War veteran who lost the 2004 presidential election

became the first female Speaker of the House following the 2006 elections

Illinois Senator who won the presidency in 2008, first African-American President, advocate for universal healthcare, an end to the Iraqi War, and economic recovery.

Current Vice President of the United States

a type of economics that says tax cuts can help an economy by raising supply

Economic restructuring by Gorbachev

a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems

a response to the liberalism of the 1960's, against affirmative action, abortion, and feminism.

The belief that a woman has the moral and legal right to choose freely to abort her pregnancy

Conservative phrase supporting the two-parent family. The implication is that all other family arrangements are the source of social problems.

Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

"Born-Again" Christians become politically active. The majority of Americans are moral people, and therefore are a political force.

A referendum on the state ballot that greatly reduced property taxes

Massive federal budget cuts, welfare reduced, personal and corporate taxes reduced, and a tax plan that was characterized as "trickle-down" economics

Revolutionaries that overthrew the Nicaraguan government in 1979

A scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the contras in nicaragua even though congress was against it.

counterrevolutionary group in Nicaragua that opposed the Sandinistas

Trade union movement in Poland that developed into a political pressure group that supported reforms from the Communist leadership.

The first US military operation of the Vietnam War

Financially secure upper-middle class of the 1980s (usually in their 20s or 30s). "Young Urban Professional"

Reagan's Star Wars defense system to shoot down missiles while they're in space

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

a war fought between a coalition led by the United States and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders

bans discrimination against people with physical or mental disability

limits the power of congress to increase its own salaries

Republican plan headed by Newt Gingrich that focused on scaling back the government, balancing the budget, and cutting taxes

A bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City by militia-movement extremists.

Act that gives federal officials more authority to take measures to combat terrorism.

In 2001, Bush, modeled national education after a program in Florida, this included accountability through testing.

North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada

an international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade

A number of students and a teacher were murdered; there was increased security at schools; awareness of dangers at school.

A failed real estate investment by Clinton.