Identity Reflection in Langston Hughes's "Theme for English B"

Langston Hughes, a prominent figure during the Harlem Renaissance of the late 1910s, meticulously crafted the poem "Theme for English B" as a profound exploration of identity. The narrative revolves around the experiences of a black college student tasked with writing a paper about himself. Through the rhythmic cadence and thematic depth of the poem, Hughes delves into the complexities of racial identity, inviting readers to reflect on the broader implications of self-discovery during a pivotal moment in American history.

Racial Identity: A Shifting Narrative

The second stanza initially hints at racial distinctions as the speaker acknowledges being the "only colored student" (ll.

10) in the class. However, the third stanza takes an unexpected turn when the speaker emphasizes commonalities rather than differences, asserting that his preferences are akin to those of other races. The questioning tone arises with, "So will my page be colored that I write" (ll. 27), teasing the exploration of his racial identity in the forthcoming paper. The speaker contemplates not just his blackness but also the shared humanity with his white instructor, illustrating a nuanced perspective on race.

Get quality help now

KarrieWrites

Verified writer

Proficient in: English Language

5 (339)

“ KarrieWrites did such a phenomenal job on this assignment! He completed it prior to its deadline and was thorough and informative. ”

+84 relevant experts are online

Hire writer

Expanding on this theme, Hughes prompts readers to consider the broader societal context of racial identity. The poem, written against the backdrop of the Harlem Renaissance, serves as a reflection on the evolving perceptions of race during a time when the empowerment of the black community in Harlem was gaining momentum. The speaker's musings on his identity in relation to his white instructor encapsulate the complexities of racial dynamics, challenging conventional assumptions about differences and similarities.

Furthermore, Hughes skillfully navigates the fine line between acknowledging racial distinctions and highlighting shared humanity. The speaker's introspection, culminating in the assertion that allowing black individuals to take pride in their heritage is inherently "American" (ll. 33), contributes to the broader discourse on race and national identity. The poem becomes a microcosm of the societal transformations occurring during the Harlem Renaissance, where black poets, musicians, and authors thrived, contributing to a cultural renaissance that challenged prevailing racial stereotypes.

Identity Markers and Empowerment in Harlem

The frequent use of personal pronouns such as "I," "me," and "you" highlights the central theme of self-discovery. In detailing his age, race, birthplace, college, and daily routine, the speaker projects his external identity. The connection to Harlem, a hub of empowerment during the Harlem Renaissance, signifies a positive affirmation of black heritage. The speaker's uncertainty, as expressed in the line "Me – who?" (ll. 20), reflects the complex nature of identity, especially when viewed through the lens of racial perceptions. Yet, the conclusion recognizes the importance of allowing black individuals to take pride in their heritage as an inherently "American" concept (ll. 33).

Expanding on this, it is essential to contextualize the speaker's identification with Harlem within the broader historical and cultural milieu. Harlem, during the Harlem Renaissance, emerged as a symbol of black empowerment, fostering an environment where black artists, intellectuals, and activists found expression and support. Hughes subtly weaves this cultural backdrop into the fabric of the poem, underscoring the significance of time and place in shaping individual identity. The juxtaposition of the speaker's black identity with the white identity of the instructor serves as a microcosm of the broader societal transformations occurring within the Harlem Renaissance.

Figurative Language and Sonic Resonance

While the poem may not heavily rely on specific figurative language, intentional alliteration in the third stanza serves a crucial purpose. The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in "records – Bessie, bop, or Bach" (ll. 24) underscores the speaker's diverse taste in music. This deliberate use of alliteration emphasizes the unity found in different cultural expressions, challenging stereotypical associations. The absence of a strict rhyme scheme is compensated by internal rhymes, creating a melodic undertone that contributes to the poem's rhythmic flow.

Delving deeper into the sonic elements of the poem, it is evident that Hughes employs not only alliteration but also internal rhymes to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the verses. The rhythmic cadence, particularly in lines like "Harlem, I hear you: / hear you, hear me – we two – you, me" (ll. 18-19), creates a musicality that transcends the mere written word. The deliberate crafting of these sonic elements adds layers of complexity to the poem, inviting readers to engage not only intellectually but also emotionally with the theme of identity.

Conclusion: A Final Note on Identity and Understanding

As the poem concludes, the speaker's tone becomes resolute, asserting the reciprocal learning between him and his instructor. The rhythmic cadence in lines like "Harlem, I hear you: / hear you, hear me – we two – you, me" (ll. 18-19) and the concluding lines adds a musical quality, making the poem both accessible and impactful. Hughes navigates the complexities of racial identity with simplicity, prompting readers to consider the assumptions associated with being white or black. The central question posed – "So will my page be colored that I write?" (ll. 27) – challenges societal norms and expectations, inviting reflection on the nature of identity.

In conclusion, "Theme for English B" stands as a powerful exploration of identity, race, and understanding during a pivotal moment in American history. Through its rhythmic language, nuanced reflections, and thematic depth, Langston Hughes invites readers to ponder the intricacies of self-discovery and shared humanity, transcending the limitations of race. The poem serves as a timeless piece that continues to resonate, urging individuals to question preconceived notions and embrace the multifaceted nature of human identity.