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Water is an essential resource to sustain life. From 50 - 90 percent of the weight of living organisms is water. Water is the major constituent of living matter. Water, essential for growth of all crops, is the natural resource in shortest supply. More than 20 countries lack sufficient water to grow enough food for their people. The situation is getting worse as needs for water rise along with population growth, urbanization and increases in household and industrial uses. According to a UN report two-thirds of mankind will suffer moderate to severe water crisis within next 30 years if remedial steps are not taken.
World Bank report estimates 5 million deaths from unsafe drinking water and investments to the tune of $ 600 billion worldwide to repair and improve water delivery system.
Water scarcity in India is miserable. Today, there are thousands of villagers and towns facing an acute drinking water shortage. Water supply plants are not able to supply sufficient water in cities. Pollution on our water resources is on rise.
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Water management efforts have yet not been made very effective. It has given us a poor scenario. Water demand in India is for four primary consumptives uses, namely irrigation, power production, domestic and industrial. Agriculture, and other water management aspects are there in the constitutions of India, but the water crisis still remains an incomplete national task. In the area of water management -it is known that water quality deteriorates due to repeated use, no serious attention has been paid to the qualitative aspect of water resources.
The time is not far away that the volume of wastewater discharged by the Indian industry may be half the volume of domestic sewage generated in the cities. The water of Ganga and Yamuna is the worst victim as both wastewater (Human and Industrial) mixes.
How water is conserved, used and distributed in communities and the quality of the water available can determine if there is enough to meet the demands of households, farms, industry and the environment. Water scarcity forces people to rely on unsafe sources of drinking water. It also means they cannot bathe or clean their clothes or homes properly. Poor water quality can increase the risk of such diarrheal diseases as cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery, and other water-borne infections. Water scarcity can lead to diseases such as trachoma (an eye infection that can lead to blindness), plague and typhus. Water scarcity encourages people to store water in their homes. This can increase the risk of household water contamination and provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes - which are carriers of dengue fever, malaria and other diseases. Water scarcity underscores the need for better water management. A lack of water has driven up the use of wastewater for agricultural production in poor urban and rural communities. More than 10% of people worldwide consume foods irrigated by wastewater that can contain chemicals or disease-causing organisms.
India is the wettest place in the world which receives an annual rainfall of about 15,000 mm and yet the village often faces drinking water shortage because of widespread deforestation resulting in drying up of water sources soon after raining season is over. The other side of the picture is that Jasalmer in Rajasthan. It receives just about 100 mm of annual rainfall and yet this desert town could manage to collect enough water for its use. Control strategy for water management in India is slow. Cities are considered as major sources of pollution. It may be the Yamuna in Delhi or the Ganga in Kanpur. Both the sacred rivers are badly polluted.. Every drop of water used in the industry is levied.
The industry has become cautious of the wasteful use of water and realized the recycling process as an integrated concept while planning water use.. In order to avoid establishment of new industries without pollution, the licensing procedures and subsequent follow-up action need to be streamlined. While setting up any new industry, environment impact assessment should be made more effective for making correct decisions regarding possible negative impact and nature and extent of abatement technology required for mitigating ill-effects of pollution and possible Eco-degradation.
A team of scientists and researchers of Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi has made detailed study of the problem, its dimensions and solutions. They have emphasised the need of traditional wisdom of water harvesting. They have given many details and data and proved how useful it can be to make use of our time- tested, age-old and traditional water harvesting system. These traditional methods of water harvesting have been in constant practice from time immemorial in the country, among various communities and villages. They evolved highly decentralised system of water harvesting suited to local conditions. We need to return to the same wisdom and revive the old water harvesting system and structure.
Millennium Development Goal number 7, target 10 aims to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015 . Water scarcity could threaten progress to reach this target. As governments and community organizations make it a priority to deliver adequate supplies of quality water to people, individuals can help by learning how to conserve and protect the resource in their daily lives. Good water management also reduces breeding sites for such insects as mosquitoes that can transmit diseasees and prevents the spread of water-borne infectionsWater is Nature's precious gift, a bliss every human being needs. People of the world must realize it Or the day is not far away when as the late King Hussein of Jordan said: "Water is the one issue, that could drive the nations of this region to war.
References^
United Nations statement on water crisis^ UN World Summit on Sustainable Development addresses the water crisis^ "No global water crisis - but many developing countries will face water scarcity", FAO.org 12 March 2003^ Freshwater: lifeblood of the planet^ Björn Lomborg (2001), The Skeptical Environmentalist (Cambridge University Press), ISBN 0521010683, p. 22^ World Energy Outlook 2005: Middle East and North Africa Insights, International Energy Agency, Paris (2005)^ WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2008), Progress in Drinking-water and Sanitation: special focus on sanitation. (MDG Assessment Report 2008) p. 25^ Updated Numbers: WHO-UNICEF JMP Report 2008^ Water is Life - Groundwater drawdown^ WaterPartners International: Learn about the Water Crisis^ All About: Water and Health, CNN, December 18, 2007^ Water, a shared responsibility. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2, 2006^ "Public Services", Gapminder video^ Fredrik Segerfeldt (2005), "Private Water Saves Lives", Financial Times 25 August^ David Zetland, "Running Out of Water"^ David Zetland, "Water Crisis"^ WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2008), Progress in Drinking-water
and Sanitation: special focus on sanitation. (MDG Assessment Report 2008) pp. 2, 25^ Nurit Klio, Water Resources and Conflict in the Middle East, Routledge, Oxfordshire, England (2001)^ Contested Environments. edited by Nick Bingham, Andrew Blowers, Chris Belshaw, John Wiley and sons, Chichester, UK (2003)^ Water: a source of Middle East peace? The Guardian, October 2008^ "Looming water crisis simply a management problem" by Jonathan Chenoweth, New Scientist 28 Aug., 2008, pp. 28-32.
^ U.S. Water Supply^ India grows a grain crisis^ Water Scarcity Crossing National Borders^ Water Shortages May Cause Food Shortages^ Yemen's Capital Facing Water Shortage Due to Rapid Increase in Population^ The Food Bubble Economy^ Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion^ Big melt threatens millions, says UN^ Ganges, Indus may not survive: climatologists^ Glaciers melting at alarming speed^ Himalaya glaciers melt unnoticed^ Glaciers Are Melting Faster Than Expected, UN Reports^ Water shortage worst in decades, official says, Los Angeles Times^ Australian rivers 'face disaster', BBC News^ Metropolis strives to meet its thirst, BBC News^ Tapping A Market CNBC European Business, October 2008^ http://www.medrc.org/new_content/industry_news/sept00/story1.htm^ http://www.ejpress.org/article/4873^ http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=11402&channel=0^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/2/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10408553^ http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011719260300.htm^ http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newNuclear/190107Pakistan_embarks_on_nuclear_desalination.shtml^ [1]^ http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000052/005273.htm^ Applause, At Last, For Desalination Plant, The Tampa Tribune, December 22, 2007^ Desalination gets a serious look, Las Vegas Sun, March 21, 2008^ [http://www.carlsbaddesal.com/^ http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0714FE3D5B0C778CDDAD0894DF404482^ http://www.newscientisttech.com/channel/tech/mg19125586.100.html]^ Desalination is the Solution to Water Shortages, redOrbit, May 2, 2008^ Water, Water, Everywhere..., The Wall. St Journal, January 17, 2008^ 100 Largest Desalination Plants Planned, in Construction, or in Operation-January 1, 2005^ How Aircraft Carriers Work^ The Arid West-Where
Water Scarcity in India. (2016, Aug 03). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/water-scarcity-in-india-essay
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