The Success of Progressive Reforms (1890-1915)

The late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a transformative period known as Progressivism. During this era, leaders of Progressive reforms sought to enhance the quality of American life by initiating changes that would significantly impact politics and urban lifestyles. Progressivism played a crucial role in not only improving everyday life but also in reducing corruption within the nation's legislations.

Industrial Conditions: The Square Deal Program

President Theodore Roosevelt spearheaded the Progressive cause with the introduction of the Square Deal program in 1904.

This comprehensive initiative aimed to redefine the relationships between corporate leaders and industrial workers, advocating for fairness and equality in these connections. While Roosevelt sought to eliminate corrupt trusts, he recognized the necessity of preserving competition and preventing a communistic society.

The Square Deal program featured the Sherman Antitrust Act, a key component that required trusts to be judged based on their actions. This act effectively signaled the demise of corrupt trusts, complemented by the passage of the Elkins Act.

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The Elkins Act addressed the issue of wealthy individuals receiving rebates on railways, ensuring that rates were equal for individuals from all walks of life. During the coal strike of 1902, backed by Progressive reforms, Roosevelt successfully improved working conditions by implementing a nine-hour workday and a 10% wage increase. Consequently, the Square Deal program marked the end of laissez-faire, ushering in increased federal power and a subsequent improvement in urban life.

Urban Life: Addressing Corruption and Instituting Reforms

Beyond enhancing daily life, Progressives aimed to diminish corruption within the federal government and promote democratic ideals.

Dissatisfied with the state of the U.S. government, which did not adequately represent the direct voice of its citizens, Progressives advocated for various reforms, including the recall – a mechanism allowing the removal of officials through a public vote.

On a national scale, Progressive leaders pushed for direct primary elections and the direct election of Senators. Previously, political bosses determined party candidates, limiting the people's influence in the selection process. The 17th Amendment, a significant outcome of Progressive efforts, enabled citizens to directly vote for their Senators, reducing the influence of political bosses and major corporations on the Senate.

Moreover, Progressivism championed women's suffrage, ensuring that political officials elected into office represented the voice of the entire nation, transcending gender boundaries. The passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 granted universal suffrage, solidifying the commitment to inclusive and representative governance.

Politics: Ending the Reign of Trusts and Monopolies

Progressivism successfully dismantled the dominance of trusts and monopolies, transferring power from corrupt urban machines to the hands of everyday citizens. As working conditions improved, corruption diminished with the federal government taking charge. The Progressive era marked a true period of progress, culminating in a significant shift towards a more equitable and democratic society.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Progressive reforms of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were undeniably successful in reshaping American society. The Square Deal program addressed industrial disparities, while political reforms tackled corruption and strengthened democratic principles. The era of Progressivism witnessed substantial improvements in urban life, as working conditions ameliorated and corrupt influences were curtailed. Ultimately, the Progressive era left an indelible mark on American history, ushering in an era of genuine progress and societal transformation.