The Complex Narratives of Victimhood in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"

Introduction

Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" intricately weaves a narrative that explores profound themes, ranging from the ethical implications of scientific creation to societal responsibilities and the complexities of individual identity. At the heart of this narrative lies the Creature, a character whose existence prompts reflection on whether he should be perceived as a monstrous creation or a victim of circumstance.

Parallels with Creation: A Glimpse into Shelley's Intentions

Shelley strategically incorporates an epigraph from 'Paradise Lost' on the title page of "Frankenstein," utilizing Adam's words to question the act of creation and the consequences it entails.

This deliberate choice hints at parallels between God's creation of man and Frankenstein's creation of the Creature. However through the novel Shelley expresses many opinions and criticisms of society which were influenced by her own family circumstances and her vast reading.

The epistolary style adopted in the novel, particularly through Walton's letters to his sister, serves as a narrative device that immerses readers in the unfolding story.

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As we delve into Walton's journal, framing both Frankenstein and the Creature's accounts, it becomes evident that the interpretation of events may be influenced by Walton's romantic perspective. The multiple layers of narration present a challenge in discerning an unbiased portrayal of the Creature's nature.

Shelley makes constant reference to family and the concept of alienation and by examining how the creature is treated we can form a better view on whether he is a monster or a victim. Shelley quickly gets the reader involved in the story by enabling us to read the letters Walton writes to his sister.

This epistolary style gives a sense of realism to the whole story and thus prepares us to hear Frankenstein and the creature's accounts later on through Walton's journal, which forms a frame for their versions of the story.

Because we are hearing Frankenstein's version through the eyes of Walton, a romantic character, who 'bitterly feel(s) the want of a friend' and quickly identifies Frankenstein as the sort of person who could satisfy this want, we may be hearing a biased version of the events. We also see the Creature's version told to Frankenstein and then recorded in Walton's journal. However, the eloquent rhetoric used by the creature give the impression that we are not reading an entirely prejudiced report of the creature's account who may otherwise have appeared less articulate and more like a babbling monster.

Benevolence and Romantic Imagery: Frankenstein's Narrative

Frankenstein's narrative, as presented through Walton, accentuates the benevolent qualities of the characters surrounding him. His familial background, characterized by a father devoted to public affairs and benevolent parents engaging with the less fortunate, underscores the thematic importance of benevolence. This emphasis can be traced back to Shelley's father, William Godwin a radical thinker who believed that 'universal benevolence' would create a just and virtuous society and that a 'true solitaire' could not 'be considered a moral being'.

Shelley by dedicating her book to her father would seem to be showing that she believed and shared in some of his philosophy and this would appear to be the case here. Before we hear the creature's story we see the use of both Romantic and Gothic imagery setting the scene.

Frankenstein is enjoying the beauty of nature when 'a noble war in the sky' takes place. This is a description of a storm which is taking place and Shelley frequently uses the weather and 'sublime' scenery before the entry of the creature or when something unpleasant is about to take place.

The Victim Unveiled: Creature's Narrative and Society's Role

The true complexity of the narrative unfolds when examining the Creature's account, relayed by Frankenstein to Walton. The creature's experiences starkly contrast with Frankenstein's benevolent upbringing. Rejected by his creator, shunned by society, and subjected to prejudice, the Creature becomes a victim of circumstance. His journey, influenced by the absence of benevolence, leads to a transformation from a 'benevolent and good' being to a 'fiend' due to societal rejection.

Shelley skillfully integrates elements of Rousseau's philosophy, as the Creature, exposed to literature like 'Paradise Lost' and Plutarch's 'Lives,' grapples with the impact of society on his innocence. The lack of companionship and understanding pushes him towards a state of isolation, akin to Adam without an Eve. His plea for a female companion echoes the 'Paradise Lost' narrative, where Eve provides solace to Adam, highlighting Shelley's nuanced exploration of biblical and societal themes.

The rejection of the second creature by Frankenstein propels the Creature back into isolation, leading to destructive consequences. Readers may interpret this as a cautionary tale against the excesses of Romanticism or as a reflection on the dangers of individuals assuming godlike roles. Shelley's narrative suggests that the absence of responsibility and compassion towards the less fortunate can result in societal issues.

Conclusion: Society's Reflection and Individual Responsibility

In conclusion, Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" challenges readers to navigate the complex narratives of victimhood within its pages. While the Creature's outward appearance may align with traditional notions of monstrosity, Shelley urges readers to delve deeper into the societal factors that shape him. The juxtaposition of benevolence and societal rejection unveils a nuanced exploration of the human condition.

By presenting the Creature as a victim, Shelley prompts readers to reflect on their own societal responsibilities. The novel serves as a timeless commentary on the consequences of neglect, prejudice, and the pursuit of knowledge without ethical considerations. Shelley's foresight into the societal implications of unchecked scientific advancements resonates, making "Frankenstein" not just a Gothic masterpiece but a cautionary tale that continues to provoke contemplation on individual and collective responsibilities.