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Pericles (C. 495-429 BC) was a highly influential politician and general in Athens, often credited with ushering in a significant era in Athenian history known as 'The Golden Age of Athens'. During this time, he prioritized areas such as art, architecture, drama, democracy, and the establishment of the Greek empire. Pericles' initiatives in beautifying the city and promoting cultural and educational advancements solidified Athens' reputation as the cultural and educational hub of Ancient Greece. His actions, including ostracizing Cimon, were seen as efforts to empower the Athenian citizens and ensure their voices were heard in the governance of the state, rather than simply seeking personal power.
Pericles was a highly influential political leader who successfully addressed issues of dictatorship and corruption in the state, earning admiration for his integrity and oratory skills.
Thucydides highlighted his ability to remain untainted by corruption despite his interest in money-making. He was praised for his exceptional oratory skills by Diodorus Siculus, surpassing all fellow citizens in this art.
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Oratory has been a powerful tool for influential leaders throughout history, including Pericles and Abraham Lincoln, whose famous Gettysburg Address has been compared to Pericles' great funeral oration by scholars like Garry Wills.
Thucydides praised the oratory skills of the great man in Athenian history, Pericles, who was able to persuade and influence the Athenians with his speeches. Even when defeated, he could convince the audience that he had won, showing his ability to draw exact emotions from the Athenian people. However, his speaking skills were criticized by others like the poet, Ion, who felt he had an arrogant and disrespectful manner of talking.
The credibility of the claim that Pericles had disrespect and dislike for others is highly debated, especially considering his prioritization of the true Athenian people and their involvement in governing their home state.
Therefore, Ion's quote about Pericles should be viewed as envy rather than truth. Plutarch's criticism of Pericles includes a mention of a dream by his mother Agariste, wherein she believed she gave birth to a lion before bearing Pericles. This should not be seen as a criticism, as lions symbolize greatness, strength, courage, power, royalty, dignity, authority, dominion, justice, wisdom, and ferocity - all qualities displayed by Pericles in his political and military endeavors.
The ancient Greek symbolism for a lion as the protector of the home was exemplified by Pericles in his efforts to defend Athens in battle. There is a debate about whether Pericles was truly a leader or simply influenced by the masses. Plutarch suggested that Pericles had lost his former submissive nature to the people and allowed chaos to reign in Athens, leading to idleness and greediness among the populace according to Plato. However, this notion is refuted by evidence of Pericles' strong leadership displayed in his speeches and oratory skills. Thucydides argued that Pericles was not swayed by the people but rather guided them, demonstrating the correct leadership style.
Pericles demonstrated his leadership abilities through his great speeches and his ability to evoke specific reactions from the Athenian people. Despite some arguments that he left the Athenians without an authoritative leader, he actually served as a "guardian" for the people and guided them towards making positive choices, such as removing the tyrant Cimon. Over a span of more than 20 years, Pericles was actively involved in the military, leading numerous naval expeditions with wisdom and caution. Unlike other military leaders, he avoided battles that were likely to result in defeat for the Athenian people, demonstrating his ability to make strategic decisions for the benefit of his followers.
Pericles' strategic approach in ruling involved carefully selecting battles to minimize losses and focusing on preserving the empire rather than expanding it. Although his Periclean Grand Strategy faced no major criticisms, it was not fully carried out due to incompetent successors lacking military skills and leadership qualities. Pericles' lasting influence can be seen in the widespread embrace of democracy by free nations as a symbol of fairness and equality. His legacy is also apparent in the cultural and literary achievements of the Golden Age, with The Acropolis - now a ruin - standing as a powerful symbol of modern Athens and a tribute to Pericles' greatness.
Pericles, a renowned leader in politics and the military, is depicted with a helmet on his famous bust statue. In 'The Dark Knight' (2008), Harvey Dent famously said, 'You either die a hero or live long enough to see yourself become the villain.' Despite facing ostracism, Pericles is still considered one of the most exceptional leaders in Ancient History. Though not flawless, he ensured that Athens left a lasting mark on history, evident even today in modern-day Athens.
Assess Whether Pericles Was a Good or Bad Leader. (2017, Feb 13). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/assess-whether-pericles-was-a-good-or-bad-leader-essay
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