Themes of Obsession, Horror, and Warning in "Frankenstein"

Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a literary masterpiece that delves into various themes, including the chilling atmosphere of horror, the dangers of obsession, and the warnings against challenging nature. In this essay, we will thoroughly examine these themes, with a particular focus on Chapter Five.

The Chilling Atmosphere of Horror

In the opening of Chapter Five, Shelley masterfully employs setting to create a foreboding and chilling atmosphere. The narrative unfolds on a dreary night, evoking a sense of darkness and despair through the haunting sounds of creaking wind, thunder, and rain pattering "dismally on the pane.

" Additionally, Shelley describes the environment with phrases such as "half extinguished light" and the moon as a "dim and yellow light," emphasizing the pervasive gloom and despair that pervades the scene.

Shelley goes further to describe the monster's appearance, highlighting its "dull yellow eyes" and "yellow skin." These descriptions evoke a sense of disease and unnaturalness, intensifying the reader's perception of the creature's frightful nature. It is as if the creature embodies the characteristics of a devil, referred to as "the demoniacal corpse.

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" Shelley's vivid descriptions serve to heighten the horror experienced by the reader.

Furthermore, Shelley employs the imagery of Victor Frankenstein's dream, or rather, his nightmare, to infuse an additional layer of horror into the narrative. Victor is depicted as being "started from" his slumber "with horror," evidently disturbed by the wildest and most terrifying dreams.

Mary Shelley's narrative also takes a startling turn when Victor is confronted with the sight of "the corpse" of his "dead mother.

" This haunting vision not only terrifies Frankenstein but also serves to send shivers down the reader's spine. It becomes evident that "Frankenstein" is not just a simple horror story; it encompasses a myriad of complex themes.

The Physical and Psychological Effects on Victor

Chapter Five offers insights into the profound physical and psychological effects of Victor's obsession. Physically, Victor reveals how he has "deprived" himself "of rest and health" in his relentless pursuit of creating the monster. This revelation provides a glimpse into the extent of his obsession, as it consumed his life to the detriment of everything else.

Moreover, this chapter portrays Victor's sudden transformation when he witnesses the birth of the creature. He experiences a profound shift, realizing the unnaturalness of his creation and the ethical wrongdoing it represents. He describes the "breathless horror and disgust" that fill his heart. This paragraph delves not only into the horror aspect but also scrutinizes the drastic change in Frankenstein when confronted with the reality of his creation.

Throughout the rest of the book, Mary Shelley continues to use horror elements in a similar fashion. The creature is often referred to as "the demon" or the "devil," constructing an image of malevolence. It is also described as "the shape," a term connoting the unknown and the potential danger it represents. The book further explores how Frankenstein reacts and feels in moments of fear, often trembling with rage or experiencing faintness.

Shelley continues to utilize setting to convey a sense of danger and isolation. Instead of the typical dark and dreary settings, she employs "wild and mysterious regions," emphasizing their dangerous and isolated nature, which evokes feelings of loneliness and helplessness in the characters.

The Dangers of Obsession

One of the central themes of "Frankenstein" is the perils of obsession, a theme that both Victor Frankenstein and Captain Walton embody. Both men are consumed by single-minded pursuits. Walton writes in his letter, "I dedicated myself to this great enterprise," while Victor admits to having "worked hard for nearly two years, for this sole purpose."

Throughout the book, it becomes evident how obsession exacts a heavy toll on Victor's physical and psychological well-being, as well as on the lives and relationships of his family. Victor's obsession leads him to "deprive" himself "of rest and health." Similarly, Walton voluntarily endures "cold, famine, thirst, and want of sleep" in pursuit of his ambitions.

Furthermore, obsession drives both men to push away those closest to them. Victor distances himself from his beloved Elizabeth, and Walton writes to a loved one far away, implying a prolonged separation. These similarities between the characters allow Walton to glimpse his potential future through Victor, prompting him to reevaluate his course and eventually turn back.

Another critical aspect of the theme of warning is evident in the relationship between Victor and Walton regarding their challenge to nature. Walton, too, is driven by a desire for glory, stating, "I preferred glory to every enticement that wealth placed in my path." Victor, in a moment of foresight, warns Walton about the potential consequences of their pursuits. He expresses hope that Walton's endeavors do not lead to a serpent-like sting, implying that even if one achieves their goals, they may not find the satisfaction they seek. Victor's words serve as a cautionary tale, advising Walton to act differently if he succeeds.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a literary masterpiece that explores a multitude of themes, including the chilling atmosphere of horror, the dangers of obsession, and the warnings against challenging the natural order. Through vivid descriptions, character development, and intricate narrative elements, Shelley crafts a tale that transcends mere horror and delves into the complexities of human nature and ambition. As readers, we are left with a haunting reminder that our obsessions, if left unchecked, can lead us down a perilous path, challenging not only ourselves but the very fabric of the world we inhabit.