Ageism and Inequality in "Of Mice and Men"

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In John Steinbeck's classic novella "Of Mice and Men," the character Candy emerges as a poignant symbol of the pervasive inequalities faced by elderly individuals in American society during the tumultuous 1920s. His name, laden with connotations, not only reflects his amiable nature but also unveils a deeper metaphorical meaning, shedding light on societal attitudes toward aging and usefulness.

The Symbolism of Candy's Name

On a surface level, Candy's name implies sweetness and amiability, aligning with his affable character. Additionally, the term "candid" associates with honesty and openness, reinforcing the notion that Candy is a trustworthy and forthright individual.

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However, a more profound connotation emerges as Candy's name, akin to candies with a sell-by date, symbolizes the disposability of workers in American society once they surpass their prime.

This metaphorical association between Candy's name and the transience of sweetness mirrors the societal tendency to discard individuals once they are deemed no longer productive. In the context of the Great Depression, a period marked by economic hardship, the elderly found themselves especially vulnerable to societal neglect and marginalization.

Steinbeck's choice of Candy's name serves as a subtle yet powerful commentary on the broader issues of ageism and inequality deeply rooted in the fabric of 1920s America.

The Tragedy of Candy's Dog

The poignant metaphor of Candy's aging dog serves as a pivotal moment in the narrative. As an aging handyman with a physical disability, Candy fears a similar fate awaits him — being deemed useless and cast aside by society. The callous disposal of his loyal companion underscores the harsh reality that awaits those who outlive their perceived usefulness.

This metaphor not only emphasizes the societal prejudice against the elderly but also underscores the disregard for past achievements and emotional ties when assessing one's value.

Furthermore, the killing of Candy's dog serves as a reflection of the broader societal mindset that prioritizes immediate utility over longstanding contributions. Despite the dog's history as an impressive sheep herder, past accomplishments become irrelevant in the face of perceived incapacity. This stark portrayal of the fate that awaits those who age beyond societal expectations unveils the tragic consequences of a culture obsessed with youth and productivity.

Moreover, the scene where Carlson insists on putting Candy's dog out of its misery encapsulates the callousness ingrained in the societal attitudes of the time. The line, "He ain't no good to you...why'n't you shoot him, Candy?" epitomizes the utilitarian perspective that disregards the emotional bonds between individuals and their enduring value. In this moment, Steinbeck masterfully exposes the ruthlessness of a society that views the elderly through a lens of expendability, contributing to the overarching theme of inequality.

Candy as a Reflection of Ageism

Steinbeck utilizes Candy as a lens through which readers witness the stark inequalities and discrimination prevalent in 1920s American society. The "old swamper" residing in a meager "bunkhouse" with minimal possessions paints a stark contrast to the theoretical respect older individuals should receive. The repetition of "old" underscores how Candy is judged primarily by his age, reinforcing the pervasive ageism ingrained in society.

Candy's exclusion from social activities, such as town visits with fellow ranch workers, further magnifies the societal prejudice he faces. In an era where pensioners are generally treated with respect, Candy's lack of financial support and government benefits showcases a society that devalues its elderly. The absence of pensions for the elderly underscores the harsh reality that, in 1920s America, the aged were marginalized and left in poverty.

Moreover, the characterization of Candy as an outcast on the ranch due to his age and disability highlights the deeply entrenched discrimination prevalent in the society depicted by Steinbeck. Despite his amiable nature and willingness to engage in conversation, Candy finds himself relegated to the periphery of the ranch's social dynamics. This exclusion serves as a poignant commentary on the societal tendency to dismiss individuals based on superficial criteria, perpetuating a cycle of inequality.

Candy's Dependency and Vulnerability

Following Lennie's departure from the ranch, Candy becomes dependent on George, epitomizing the vulnerability of the elderly in a society that values youthful vigor. His passive demeanor and fear of the boss and his son highlight the power dynamics that leave Candy on the precipice of displacement. Even his attempt to contribute financially for a shared dream of owning land becomes a poignant illustration of how, in a society obsessed with productivity, the elderly find solace in dependency.

Candy's passive nature, evident in his reluctance to confront the boss or express dissenting opinions, underscores the powerlessness experienced by the elderly in the societal hierarchy. His one major act in the book — offering financial support for George and Lennie's dream — is not an assertion of independence but rather a means to secure a place in a future that otherwise appears bleak. This act, framed within the narrative, serves as a stark reminder of the limited agency afforded to the elderly in a society driven by able-bodied youth.

In conclusion, John Steinbeck masterfully employs the character of Candy in "Of Mice and Men" to expose and critique the ageism and inequality rampant in 1920s American society. Candy's name, the tragedy of his dog, his living conditions, and his vulnerability all serve as powerful symbols reflecting the societal disregard for the elderly. Through this exploration, Steinbeck prompts readers to reflect on the consequences of a society that values individuals based on their immediate utility, neglecting the wealth of experience and wisdom that age can bring.