Calvinism and the Christian Concept of True Happiness

Introduction and Thesis

Contemporary perceptions often cast Calvinism, a branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin, in a rather bleak and oppressive light. This viewpoint, I argue, stems from a profound contrast in ideals between the Western world and Calvin’s Christian contemporaries, a disparity central to the discourse of this essay. The text in focus, Calvin's "Institutes," aims to articulate the foundational statements of Reformed Christian faith. In specific chapters, Calvin emphasizes self-denial as a core Christian doctrine, discussing it in relation to suffering and the human experience.

Contrary to initial impressions that such a life opposes happiness, I propose a re-evaluation of the 'happy life' concept in the Calvinist context to demonstrate how these perceptions are misinformed.

Defining 'Happy Life'

Understanding what constitutes a 'happy life' is pivotal in this discussion. The plethora of perspectives on happiness necessitates a narrowed focus; hence, I explore three relevant views. Calvin's idea of a happy life centers around serving God and others, highlighting God's glory.

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However, this alone may seem limiting in understanding happiness. Calvin, acknowledging human nature, implicitly suggests that his theology caters to the intrinsic human desire for happiness. Therefore, it is plausible that Calvin envisaged a form of happiness for humanity within his theological framework. Moving beyond Calvin's own theological boundaries, we encounter the standard definition of happiness as a state of pleasure or contentment. This definition, while broad, overlooks the crucial element of God's belief in Calvin's perspective. Consequently, I propose a Christian-centric definition of happiness, where unity with God and assurance of His grace, glory, and goodness are central.

This definition aligns with the Christian belief system and allows for a more nuanced exploration of Calvinist teachings on happiness.

Calvin's Concept of Self-Denial

Self-denial is a principal doctrine in Calvin's "Institutes," and its relevance to the notion of a happy life is undeniable. Calvin teaches the importance of recognizing our belonging to God rather than to ourselves, advocating for a life guided by divine wisdom and will. This notion might initially seem detrimental to happiness, especially considering the psychological emphasis on self-worth. However, Calvin's view of self-denial diverges significantly from Eastern religious traditions of complete renunciation or self-torture practices like those of Flagellants. Instead, Calvin's self-denial is about prioritizing God and others over oneself, a redirection rather than a negation of self. In this light, self-denial and self-worth are not mutually exclusive but complementary in the pursuit of a happy life defined within a Christian framework.

Self-Denial and Suffering

Calvin's engagement with the concept of suffering, or 'bearing the cross,' is pivotal to understanding his approach to a happy life. He interprets suffering not solely as a Christian endeavor but as a universal human experience. Calvin posits that all life events, including suffering, are orchestrated for the ultimate purpose of salvation. This perspective is deeply embedded in Christian doctrine and provides a foundation for trust in God's plan, even amidst adversity. However, accepting this view requires an exploration beyond mere resignation to suffering. It involves understanding suffering as a component of a divine strategy, integral to the Christian journey towards happiness and salvation.

Divine Providence and Human Helplessness

The doctrine of divine providence in Calvinism suggests a state of human helplessness, as all events are perceived to be under God's control. This notion could be construed as negative, implying a lack of agency. However, within the Calvinist framework, this helplessness is not a detriment but a source of comfort. Psychological studies suggest that humans have a preference for certainty over randomness, and in this light, the certainty provided by God's sovereignty is reassuring. The Christian's trust in God's omnipotence and benevolence fulfills the human desire for control and certainty, thus contributing to a sense of happiness and well-being.

Problem of Evil and God's Character

Addressing the implications of divine providence raises the question of God's role in the existence of evil and sin. This dilemma could portray God as imperfect and unloving, challenging the Christian's trust and happiness in God. However, Calvinists and Christians generally do not perceive God in this light. Calvin himself provides arguments defending the character of God as portrayed in the Bible. The Christian faith, with its deep-seated conviction in God's love and perfection, remains unshaken by these philosophical debates, maintaining its stance on happiness as rooted in divine love and grace.

Happiness on Earth and in Heaven

In Calvin's meditation on the afterlife, he depicts Earth as a temporary abode and Heaven as the ultimate homeland, suggesting that true happiness is fully realized in the afterlife. This perspective might initially seem to conflict with the possibility of happiness on Earth. However, Calvin asserts that while perfect happiness is reserved for Heaven, a form of happiness can indeed be experienced on Earth. This 'lesser' happiness, though not complete, is not synonymous with unhappiness. It's a foretaste of the divine joy to be fully embraced in the afterlife, affirming that the Christian life on Earth, though marked by trials, is also a journey of joy and hope.

The Role of Hope in Happiness

Hope plays a crucial role in Calvinist theology, especially in the context of happiness. The Biblical understanding of hope is not characterized by desperation but by a confident expectation of God's promises. This hope is not wishful thinking but a firm assurance based on the reliability of God's character. According to Calvinist teachings, this hope is not just optimistic but realistic, rooted in a deep understanding of God’s love and faithfulness. It's a positive force that contributes to the Christian's sense of well-being and happiness, aligning with the psychological understanding of hope as beneficial to the 'good-life.'

Augustine’s Concept of Uti and Frui

Calvin's theology finds resonance with Augustine's principles of uti (use) and frui (enjoy). Augustine posited that some things in life are meant to be used to lead us to what can be enjoyed, with God being the ultimate source of enjoyment. In this light, materialism and aesthetic pleasures, while not inherently negative, are not the ultimate sources of happiness. This view aligns with recent studies showing a negative correlation between materialism and life satisfaction. Calvin's emphasis on loving God for His sake aligns with Augustine's principles, suggesting that true happiness in Calvinism is derived from a life oriented towards God, contrasting with the Western conception of happiness based on self-fulfillment and instant gratification.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Calvin's theology, often misconstrued as antithetical to happiness, aligns well with the concept of a happy life when viewed through a Christian lens. The life Calvin proposes, marked by self-denial, suffering, and longing for eternal life, is not a denial of happiness but a profound engagement with it. By embracing a Christian understanding of happiness, Calvinism indeed fosters a deeply satisfying and joyful existence, contrary to common perceptions. Thus, Calvin's teachings, when properly understood within the context of Christian faith and hope, emerge not as oppressive but as pathways to a profound and meaningful happiness.