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Salman Shocken dropped out of high school at the age of 16. He constructed a chain of stores in Germany in the 1920's. With the cash he made he surrounded himself with contemporary scholars of his age including Franz Kafka. He paid these scholars a monthly salary so that they could write in peace and share their concepts with him. Salman ran away Germany in the late 1930's to avoid the coming war. He then turned his focus on establishing art, literature and education.
He died at the age of 82 a rich guy with a formidable intelligence.
(Schocken, 2012) "Therefore is the power of self-learning." quotes his grandson Shimon Shocken. (Shocken, 2012) Continuing self-education teaches crucial thinking, research and specific duty. Contemporary education is just the first action in the pursuit of understanding; it depends on us to continue the path. Critical thinking is possibly the most important tool for examining facts.
Edward Glaser defines critical thinking as, "( 1) an attitude of being disposed to think about in a thoughtful way the issues and topics that come within the variety of one's experiences, (2) knowledge of the approaches of logical inquiry and reasoning, and (3) some ability in using those techniques." (Glaser, 1941) Critical thinking is the process of scrutinizing info that exists to you, and evaluating its source and validity.
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In order to think critically one need to question info that is provided and identify its accuracy without accepting it at face value.
Crucial thinking is vital to great choice making. As Peter Facione states, "... stopping working to anticipate the consequences of one's decisions often leads to disastrous outcomes not just for the decision maker, but for lots of other individuals too (Facione, 2013)." Utilizing crucial believing skills enables us the chance to discover for ourselves more about a subject or experience we experience.
By questioning and dissecting the realities around a statement or presumption we can get insights into what the reality of the matter is. Research study plays a necessary function in self-education.
“No one would think of designing a rocket to the moon or wiping out a widespread disease by relying on untested hunches; likewise, one cannot expect to improve education without research. ” (Council, 2012) Research aids critical thinking in providing the ability to check facts with reputable sources. Research also allows you to build a body of knowledge about various subjects. The more knowledgeable about a subject you are the better capacity you will have to think critically and make informed decisions. Even the definition of research is put to incredible scrutiny and debate. As Elizabeth St.
Pierre elaborates in an article to Adult Education Quarterly, “… the very nature of science and scientific evidence and therefore the nature of knowledge itself is being contested by scholars and researchers who think and work from different epistemological, ontological, and methodological positions as well as by those postmodernists who challenge the metaphysical project. ” (St. Pierre, 2006) While academia and legislation are constantly gripped in the debate of what actually constitutes scientifically based research or SBR, most research is still conducted using evidence based research or EBR.
(St. Pierre, 2006) So long as whatever research you conduct on a subject is supported by documentable facts you can provide substance for any argumentation you present. It is your responsibility to select research that objectively proves the facts, and not research that is conducted to prove an assumed position on a subject. That leads us to the ethics portion of this paper, the role of individual responsibility in self-education. Personal responsibility has been defined as being accountable to oneself and to the needs and well-being of others (Ruyter, 2002).
The more you endeavor to educate yourself on topics of ethics and reason, the more you will be confronted by the role you personally play on the world’s stage. Schools can only do their absolute best to make knowledge available to you. It is your responsibility to use that knowledge with good judgment. For example you could spend your time studying chemistry and arm yourself with an immense knowledge of the subject.
Later you could take that knowledge and either invent a new material that can advance science by leaps and bounds,or you could use it to construct a bomb that could kill thousands and fit in your shirt pocket. Chemistry is not to blame for the consequence of your decisions; ultimately you are the one responsible. As Fromm summarizes on ethics, “While reason shows man what he ought to do in order to be truly himself and thus teaches him what is good, the way to achieve virtue is through the active use man makes of his powers. (Fromm, 1947)” Individual responsibility is the keystone of applying research and critical thinking in an ethical way to learning and understanding truth over desire.
We could find specific documentation and lines of argumentation that back up our points in order to win an argument, but at the root of it our personal responsibility to the truth is what should convince us to argue towards learning the truth, and not just winning an argument. You should clearly be able to recognize that the pursuit of knowledge is an ongoing and endless journey of discovery, both of the world around you and within your own mind. Critical thinking requires you to question everything you are told and not to accept things at face value.
Research allows you to verify your critical thought processes and draw informed conclusions. Individual responsibility is the temperance that allows you to judge what the best application of the knowledge you gain is. Academia can only open the doors to knowledge and discovery, but self-education is the vehicle that carries us through to understanding and mastery of our world. References Facione, P. (2013). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press. Fromm, E. (1947). Man for himself: An inquiry into the psychology of ethics.
New York, NY: Fawcett World Library. Glaser, E. (1972). Experiment in the development of critical thinking. New York: AMS Press. Mergler, Amanda G. (2007) Personal responsibility: the creation, implementation and evaluation of a school-based program. PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology. National Research Council. (2002). Scientific research in education. Committee on Scientific Principles for Education Research. Shavelson, R. J. , and Towne, L. , Editors. Center for Education. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Ruyter, D.D. )2002).
The virtue of taking responsibility. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 34(1), 25-35. Schocken, S. (Performer) (2012). Shimon schocken: The self-organizing computer course [Web]. Retrieved from: http://www. ted. com/talks/shimon_schocken_the_self_organizing_computer_course. html? quote=1897 St. Pierre, E. (2006). Scientifically based research in education: Epistemology and ethics. (4 ed. ,’ Vol. 56). Online Publication: American Association for Adult and Continuing Education. Retrieved from http://www. csun. edu/~kdm78513/coursework/625/assignments/documents/St. Pierre. pdf.
Salman Shocken: Dropout to Philanthropic Patron of Arts and Literature. (2016, Nov 05). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/self-education-essay
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