Reconstruction of the Most Critical Period of the Rights of Former Slaves

Biracial governments came to power throughout the defeated Confederacy in American History. When it all began in 1865, they had an effort to reunite the nation shattered by civil war. Therefore, the process moved forward to add the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments which abolished slavery, established and protected the legal rights of the newly freed black population. As a result, the Reconstruction era did come to an end, it was both a success and a failure. Successful achievements such as the South’s first state-funded public schools and economic development programs.

During that period, Lincoln's 10% plan during Reconstruction he offered pardons to any Confederate who swore allegiance to the Union and the Constitution. After his assassination Lincoln Reconstruction failed in late 1865 then he allowed President Johnson to take duties. President Johnson announced his plans for Reconstruction, which moved southern states back to the Union immediately. However, confederate officials and owners who owned large taxable properties were required to apply for individual pardons (Davidson, pg.

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31). These pardons allowed many planter aristocrats the power to exercise control over the Reconstruction of their states.

In 1868 Johnson was impeached after his dismissal of Stanton and violating the Tenure of Office Act. Consequently, the House of Representatives argued in favor of approving to impeach President Johnson for high crimes and misdemeanors. However, by the Senate and his lawyer, Johnson was acquitted by one vote and he was no longer convicted. (Davidson, pg.36). African Americans enjoyed a period when they had the right to vote, owned land, employment because these certain things colored people wanted but just didn’t last long for them.

These race issues and social pressure lead to rivalry between the white southerners and black southerners of the Republican Party. As black southerners pressed for greater recognition, white southerners increasingly defected to the Democrats (Davidson, pg.36). These race issues and social pressure lead to rivalry between the white southerners and black southerners of the Republican Party. As black southerners pressed for greater recognition, white southerners increasingly defected to the Democrats (Davidson, pg.36).

Economically, the Reconstruction had severe problems that suddenly occurred after the war. The new Republican governments supported by giving, sponsorship, advances, and even temporary exclusions from taxes (Davidson, pg.37). These governments generally reconstructed the southern railroad framework and offered a rich guide to railroad companies. In the two decades after 1860, it doubled its assembling foundations, yet the South relentlessly slipped further behind. The 15th amendment ratified in 1870, divided the feminist movement, closed racial discrimination in voting, and secured a ballot for women (Davidson, pg.41).

Also, in the early 1870s after Emancipation, the system known as sharecropping had to come to dominate agriculture across the cotton planting South (Davidson, p.39). Additionally, the majority of black families would rent small lands to work themselves, and at the end of the year that portion of their crop goes to the landowner which it turned into an impact. Unfortunately, racism played a major role in Reconstruction’s failure. Racism stimulated white southern resistance, undercut northern support for black rights, and in the long run made northerners willing to write off Reconstruction, and with it the welfare of African Americans (Davidson, pg.45).

The technologies that led to the emergence of the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s were made to improve the quality of life, investment, and have better access for these new businesses. However, they played a huge role in allowing the Industrial Revolution to expand in numerous ways. James Bonsack invented the machine that could roll 200 cigarettes in a minute or more in several hours. This machine was needed to boost David and his son's fortune for their growing business that companies invested in (Davidson, pg.354). For example, in the 1850s inventors discovered a cheaper way to convert the iron into steel known as the Bessemer process (Davidson, pg.376).

In fact, as the population increased by 1870, America’s first big business the railroad industry, was developed for shipping matters of massively produced goods either pushed by barges down rivers or carrying passengers across the ocean (Davidson, pg.377). Also, railroads stimulated economic growth, because they required so many resources to build such as; coal, wood, glass, rubber, and brass (Davidson, pg.380). Financiers assumed such enormous jobs in financing railways, they wound up prompting organizations about their business undertakings. If by chance that an organization fell into bankruptcy, financiers here and there filled in as the “collectors' ', who supervised the property until financial wellbeing returned (Davidson, pg.381).

In 1844, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph he succeeded in tapping out the 1st message using an electric wire between cities (Davidson, pg.377). Although the inventions that were made in communication, known as the telephone and the telegraph, made communication much easier than in the past allowing companies to process orders way faster. In fact, a million miles of telegraph wire handled some 63 million messages a year (Davidson, pg.377).