Masculinity Unveiled: Family, Wealth, and Identity in Literature

Masculinity, a widely recognized stereotype, often depicts men as tough, strong, and devoid of emotions, with their societal standing often linked to their ability to provide for their families. This theme is evident in literary works such as The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams. In these narratives, male characters establish their identities through their roles as family providers, delving into the realms of family dynamics, responsibilities, and the impact of wealth and occupation on their perceived masculinity.

Familial Responsibilities: A Cornerstone of Masculinity

Across various cultures, the tradition of designating males as the head of the family persists, with family responsibilities becoming a defining aspect of their masculinity. In The Grapes of Wrath, Pa, following the demise of Grandpa, assumes the role of the family leader, exemplifying how family obligations intertwine with the construction of his masculine identity (Steinbeck 139). Tom in The Glass Menagerie similarly steps into the role of the head of the household after his father's abandonment, showcasing the recurring theme of male characters being thrust into familial leadership positions (Williams 35).

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As Tom contemplates Laura's future, his responsibility to support his family until she finds a husband becomes evident: "Why, then you'll be free to go wherever you please, on land, on sea, whichever way the wind blows you!" (Williams 35). Tom's commitment to his family underscores the traditional expectation that males must assume household responsibilities, solidifying their roles as providers. In these instances, the male characters express their masculinity through their willingness to take charge of their families in times of need.

Wealth and Occupation: Signifiers of Masculinity

Traditionally, a man's masculinity is closely linked to his wealth, occupation, and means of work. Society often subscribes to the stereotype that a man's financial success and job status determine his level of masculinity. This notion is explored in The Grapes of Wrath as Pa grapples with the challenges of supporting his family: "Well what the hell am I gonna do? We're out of money. One of my boys got a short job but that won't feed us" (Steinbeck 374). Pa's frustration emanates from his perceived inability to fulfill his provider role, reflecting how financial struggles can impact a man's sense of masculinity.

Conversely, characters like Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby distinguish themselves by their wealth, with their financial standing serving as a clear marker of their masculinity. Tom's arrogance and pride in displaying his wealth reinforce his perceived dominance, as evident in his relationship with Myrtle: "Two shining arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face" (Fitzgerald 7). The acquired wealth of Jay Gatsby, earned through his efforts, further accentuates his masculine identity, diverging from Tom's familial inheritance.

In the modern context, masculinity continues to be associated with a man's ability to provide for his family, the nature of his employment, and the income he generates. These factors collectively contribute to the societal perception of a man's manliness. The characters in these literary works reflect the enduring relevance of these ideals, showcasing the timeless struggle of men to attain qualities that signify their masculinity.

Conclusion

The exploration of masculinity in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams reveals the intricate interplay between familial responsibilities, work, and wealth in shaping the male characters' identities. As the male protagonists navigate their roles as family providers and grapple with societal expectations, their experiences highlight the enduring nature of traditional norms surrounding masculinity. In contemporary society, the portrayal of masculinity remains rooted in a man's ability to support his family, the nature of his occupation, and the financial success he achieves. These novels, therefore, provide not only a glimpse into the past but also offer insights into the ongoing evolution of societal perceptions of masculinity.