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IoT is an emerging technology which allows intelligent interaction between people and things. It focuses to combine everything in the world under a single infrastructure. So, it means connection of devices using embedded software, sensors and actuators to communicate with one another. IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keep us informed on the state of things. In this Paper, we review a concept of IoT applications and security challenges that facing the implementation of the IoT.
IoT is quickly developing across industries all over the globe. There are many success stories that demonstrate the value in every organization but the market has not been able to recognize the benefits of IoT. IoT is expected to be a rapidly developing technology. IoT can improve communications in an organization, bringing innovation in businesses, increase customer engagement and help in assessing the work process. IoT is used to automate data collection, processing and analysis from various sources.
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Keywords: Internet of things (IoT), security and wireless sensor networks, RFID, Authentication, key management.
The term IoT was devised by Kevin Ashton, Cofounder and executive director of Auto ID center at MIT in 1999. This is the era of IoT, i.e. Machine to Machine (M2M) communication indicates two machines communicating with each other, usually without human involvement.
It is predicted that Iot will consist of 50 billion connected devices by 2020 and that the worldwide IoT market will be more than a trillion industry.
The global leading advisory and research firm on information technology, predicted that there will 22 billion IoT devices worldwide by 2020, which is a conservative estimate in comparison to what large multinational companies predict.
According to research in 2003, the number of things connected to the internet exceed the number of people on earth, by 2020 there will be 50 billion things.
Examples for IoT applications is, the traffic lights which changes its colors depending upon the traffic. Windows can be closed automatically when the air condition is turned on. When you are finished shopping, you simply walk out the door, your credit card is charged when you exit the supermarkets' door. Even the idea of IOT is useful for disabled persons (i.e. Google Eye)
An IoT System has four elements: Sensors/ devices, connection, information handling as well as user interface. An IoT System contains Sensors which communicate by Internet connection. IoT continues this connectivity by several tools with device to device communication. When the data reaches the destination, it processes the software so that the user can handle it.
Technologies are widely used for the deployment of successful IoT-based products and services.
One of the leading research and advisory company Gartner has estimated some 8.3 billion devices would be connected by the end of 2017, increasing to 11.2 billion by the end of 2018, then nearly doubling to 20.4 billion by 2020. Approximately two-thirds of these projected figures are apportioned to consumer applications. World's highest tech regions Western Europe, North America, and Greater China are the first known drivers of IoT where the three combined represent more than 67% of the concept implementation in 2017. The steady growth in potential and popularity of IoT has, indeed, made it a far-reaching technology today.
According to Louis Columbus, an enterprise software strategist, IOT has the greatest potential to digitally transform the business to more flexible, customer-oriented and efficient. Tech leaders in the U.K. (21%), Japan (20%) and the U.S. (16%) lead all other nations in their plans for IoT digitally transforming their businesses by 2021.
Despite of these benefits, there are many challenges in IoT, some of them arise now and others will emerge in the future. For example, Security/Privacy is a challenge at levels of field. Some of the issues are listed below,
Privacy rules about data requires any kind of interface to provide policy information about the user's personal information. Any mishandling of personal information can create harm for individuals. The misuse of consumer data such as Cambridge Analytica, in that user's personal data was used for different political purposes. So IoT should ensure that connected devices should not reach in wrong hands.
Hyper connected world enables the speed of information that can be either good or unintentionally misleads peoples. So there should be a set of rules and Framework to address these issues.
Information arrives by numerous sources for Big Data. The biggest problem that organizations face is how to get value from data. This information is constantly changing. Also, security and privacy poses risk in Big Data. Necessary changes in Infrastructure may help data stay safe and usable.
Although public believe that IoT will benefit them, they are more concerned about data security and Privacy. Trust has been acknowledged as an important factor for technology adoption.
The tightly coupled systems has shared memory. So if more data comes these systems can have memory conflicts. Using tightly coupled systems are more challenging nowadays.
To prevent unauthorized use of user's data, strong infrastructures are required. The Security solutions can be classified as
For IoT applications, data is collected from a large range of devices that communicate to a centralized collection point. So IoT will strongly need a centralized architecture than distributed/client server model.
The standardization of IoT is very important nowadays. Security, as well as privacy, raises major issues, all these challenges need to be addressed in designing protocols. The success of IoT depends on how it solves real-world problems and create long term benefits. So there should be feasible network optimization techniques to handle huge traffic in the coming years as billions of IoT devices are connected to global networks.
There should be a reference Architecture to cover all the aspects including cloud/server architecture. It should support all the requirements of variety use cases and interact with all other IoT devices effectively. In short, delegation architecture should provide solution for authentication and authorization.
The term IoT was coined by Peter T. Lewis in one of his 1985 speeches given at U.S Federal Communication Commission (FCC). Mr. Pete Lewis said: "The IoT is the integration of people, processes and technology with connectable devices and sensors to enable remote monitoring, status, manipulation and evaluation of trends of such devices"."
The Most relevant developments of IoT are:
The other trending topics within IoT is edge Analytics. It describes a technology architecture, where intelligent decisions are performed rather in cloud. Edge Analytics will play an important role in low bandwidth or low latency environments such as oil rigs, mines, or factories.
Most amazing development of IoT based analytics is Google Waymo. IoT 2017 saw the first (non-driver assisted) fully self-driving car on a normal road. It is also an excellent example of edge analytics in which machine learning functions have been moved to the camera (edge) so that the car can react instantly.
IT Organizations refine their IoT cloud and data lake creation strategy i.e., some firms have already moved a significant portion of their operations to the cloud.
This Paper emphasizes to provide an overview about the Internet of things and the security challenges. Though the Internet of things has benefits there are still some drawbacks in the implementation level. By integrating all these drawbacks, future technologies will be developed soon.
What is the Internet of Things?. (2019, Nov 17). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/what-is-the-internet-of-things-essay
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