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Gardens that are constructed on the roofs and balconies for growing plants ranging from flowers to vegetables are called terrace garden. The trend of constructing a terrace garden is not something new and its origination dates back to thousands of years ago during the civilization of Mesopotamia.
"Ziggurats of Mesopotamia" which were constructed between 4,000 - 600 BC had no inside rooms, trees, and blooms on each porch of the gigantic ziggurats would give a cool, obscure spot for the guest to rest from the bursting Babylonian sun.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and maybe the most acclaimed of rooftop gardens.. It was built during eighth to sixth century BC. Notwithstanding, the latest patterns in rooftop nurseries are both environmental and handy. Nowadays the possibility of the rooftop nursery has been changed into the green rooftop As a result of the fast expansion of human civilization, all the forest, fields, and grasslands are being substituted by concrete and steel resulting in high pressure on the land.
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With the growing pressure on the land, the concept of terrace gardens has been gaining a lot of recognition.
At the present time, the most significant phenomenon related to high temperatures in most places is the "Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). An urban area that is considerably warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities is called urban heat island. The effect of UHI can be mainly felt in summer and winter.
The four main reasons for the phenomenon of urban heat island are:
Lately, people have become more concerned about the effect of urban heat islands and are looking for ways to minimize the effects. Many researchers have been done trying to develop techniques and construction materials that will absorb less heat. It is unrealistic to demolish all the existing buildings so as to rebuild them using the new technique and materials. Terrace garden in its own small way helps in reducing the urban hear effect. (Alhashimi, Aljawi, Gashgari, & Alamoudi, 2018)
Apart from terrace gardens resisting the urban island effect, terrace gardens are also advantageous in reducing the rain runoff.
There are three major types of green roofs according to FLL guidelines: extensive, and intensive based on the specific green roof assembly and load characteristics.
It is the cheapest of the three types of systems. It is designed as an ecological roof garden instead of a luxury space. The depth of the substrate range from 0.8 to 6 inches. Only low growing herbaceous plants, such as mosses and grasses are grown in this type of roof garden. (No Title, 2010)
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
This type of roof system basically imitates traditional gardens at ground level. The media is usually more than 8 inches. This type of roof garden can grow trees, herbaceous plants, and lawns.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Before setting up a rooftop garden, we should think about after perspectives:
The best time to develop a rooftop garden is the point at which the rooftop is recently built or being fixed. When working with a current rooftop, we should consider the current leakages, damage, failure to oppose roots and standing water and so forth.
Preceding structuring and building a rooftop garden, we should decide whether the rooftop can withstand the extra weight of soil and plants. The structural limit of the rooftop mostly decides the sort of rooftop garden that can be assembled.
Access to the rooftop is a significant consideration. Normal access incorporates stairs or emergency exits. Be that as it may, there must to be sufficient space for shipping materials for development and upkeep.
Thought of weight is the core of getting ready for a rooftop garden. Weight of the garden ought to be controlled by authorized planner or basic designer. It must be guaranteed that the weight of the garden doesn't surpass the basic limit of the rooftop
Before beginning a rooftop garden, all essential cost examination must be done. Usually, green rooftop costs half higher than ordinary rooftops. Also, an extensive garden is less exorbitant than an escalated garden. (Consideration, 2009)
The plan of a rooftop garden may differ with the structural capacity of the structure, proprietor's close to a home decision, the motivation behind cultivating, surrounding scenery, and so forth.
Rooftop nursery plants to a great extent rely upon downpour water for the water systems. Be that as it may, during a certain time of year, precipitation might be lacking to satisfy the water necessities. So, harvesting of downpour water should be possible. In addition, trickle water system framework, hose-pipe manual watering, and so forth ought to be masterminded to enhance precipitation.
Green roof assemblies are common of two systems of two systems i.e. roof base and above membrane vegetated roof system. The roof base is made up of a waterproofing membrane, rigid insulation, protection, and structural system. The vegetated roof system consists of eight functional layers: vegetation, engineered fill, insulation, filter fabric, drainage layer, root barrier, waterproofing membrane and structural support. The requirements of these layers depend on situations, some layers may not be needed in some situations whereas some situations require additional layers. ( Engineers & Angeles, 2008)
Drainage plates are the waffles rigid thermoplastics that are simple to install and various sizes are available. The drainage plate system is usually about 1 inc to 2-.5 inches tall. Granular media system consists of a base layer of lightweight, inorganic, granular media. This granular media is composed of porous lightweight aggregate. The granular media system is about 2 to 6 inches. Drainage mats are the thinnest, lightest and quickest to install. This system consists of a multi-fabric mat that combines sol separation, drainage, and protection functions. The only disadvantage is its limited water storage and drainage capacity. Its thickness ranges from 3 to 8 inches. (Shafique, Kim, & Kyung-ho, 2018)
Urban heat island is the overheating of the urban areas compared to the surrounding rural areas which are due to the increasing human activities. Introduction of greenery through green rooftops in the urban zones can lessen impenetrable surfaces and mellow streetscapes. Plants use heat vitality for evapo-transpiration to accomplish a cooling impact. By diminishing the warmth increase through the rooftop encompassing temperature is brought driving down to less vitality utilization .Internal structure temperature by 0.5?C. It also decreases the power consumption for air conditioning.(Bahru, Rashid, Hamdan, & Ahmed, 2009)
Green rooftops help to shield material films from extraordinary temperature vacillations, the negative effect of bright radiation.
Green rooftops can assume a significant job in giving recreational spaces in urban locales where there is little ground-level green territories. As these spaces are noticeable from numerous vantage focuses, it adds to the visual character of the urban texture.
The more noteworthy protection offered by the porch nursery can diminish the measure of vitality required in a structure.
Rooftop surfaces offer the open door for developing nourishment, especially in high thickness urban regions where nursery space might be constrained. - nourishment creating plants can substitute for elaborate plants in customary rooftop gardens.
Green rooftops channel out fine, the airborne particulate issue as the air ignores the plants. Airborne particulates will, in general, get caught in the surface territories of the greenery.
Hard surfaces of urban regions reflect sound and can't ingest it. Green rooftops because of the vegetation retain sound waves(Mahdeloei, Farahani, & Shakori, 2012)
Most buildings and houses built before are constructed with brick and concrete or with a cement frame. Engineers and designers did not think of foreseeing the installation of a green roof at that time. A discussion with the original constructors on roof loading is necessary when arranging the establishment of a housetop garden. There are two types of roof loading:dead load and live load. Dead load refers to the weight of the roof structure itself and any permanent structures on that roof. To accommodate weights beyond the dead load (from snow or rainwater), buildings are normally designed with a "live loading capacity". This is meant to bear the weight of snow in the winter, but rooftop gardeners can use it during the summer, e.g.to take into account the total weight of the roof garden and the retained water. Unfortunately, most formerly constructed roofs are not designed to support an intensive garden with a massive substrate layer and big plants. Only an extensive garden, with a thin layer of soil, mosses, herbs, sedum or other succulent plants, seems appropriate here. On the contrary, a modern building's roof should always be planned to support the weight of a roof garden. (Sharma et al., n.d.)
Soil and planting pots are both substantial - regardless of whether you make a dirt planting bed in your rooftop nursery or use pots, you are essentially including to the weight put the rooftop structure. Yard sections and furniture further include the weight of the rooftop. Most building rooftops will require appropriate fortification before a rooftop nursery can be developed securely. High rooftop nurseries may have issues with high breezes harming plants and youthful seedlings.
Typical gardens at the ground level, built-in recently created pieces of the city, may experience some difficulty getting to the water. Tops of current buildings, in differentiate, are quite often near conceivable stock of city water or faucet water from the top floor. However, collecting precipitation water for plant creation is more fitting than utilizing urban water.
On the contrary, in more established pieces of the cities, irrigation frameworks for watering plants in a rooftop nursery might be absent, which makes its upkeep very difficult. Therefore, one ought to right off the bat search for a decent answer for this serious problem. Here, the TC-strategy to stock water in the root zone can help in a huge manner.
Discovering conceivable outcomes to reap and store downpour water ought to consistently be a need for anybody building up an urban nursery. It is staggering how brisk the dirt of a rooftop nursery is drying out and plants will shrivel all the time if standard watering, early toward the beginning of the day or late in the evening, is overlooked. During mid-year, watering ought to never be done in the day.
As low yearly precipitation is influencing straightforwardly plant development in a rooftop garden, it can be important to approach the metropolitan water supply, e.g. for the dribble water system.
Gathering precipitation water for the ulterior water system can represent a problem, as there is commonly no appropriate space to store an enormous vessel. To give satisfactory weight in the dribble water system framework to be imagined, a gravity-bolstered hose will require a stock tank introduced a lot higher than the hose outlets. Another issue would siphon faucet water into this inventory tank in the event that it was arranged on a similar rooftop. The heaviness of the tank would need to be appropriated equitably over a significant zone to arrive at the live-load farthest point of the rooftop. These variables can make the water system framework and water accumulation impractical. The issue waterway so comes at the opposite finish of the spectrum, i.e. there could nearly be an excessive amount of water.
Therefore, one ought to ideally search for a satisfactory framework to improve the water maintenance limit of the substrate so as to stock consistently adequate volumes of water to maintain a strategic distance from dry season pressure. The conceivable excess of water during tempests ought to be effectively depleted. The amount of water held in the substrate must be promptly accessible to the plant roots to abstain from the shrinking of the plants over a more drawn out dry period.
Perhaps the best technique to stock water and manure in the substrate of a rooftop nursery is called theTerraCottem-or TC-method which was created by the college of Ghent(Belgium)in1983-1992. It has been applied since 1995 in China (Greenhouse venture in Lanzhou, Gansu Province) and it has demonstrated its viability in various Chinese regions from that point forward. The TC soil conditioner is a blend in excess of 20 granular substances, all helping plant development in a synergistic way. These substances can be separated into 6 gatherings:
Small amounts of the TC, mixed into the root zone, have a few constructive outcomes:
In the event that a rooftop garden has soil beds, a defensive layer should be introduced between the dirt and the structure's housetop. Introducing this layer is an expert activity and can be costly. Rooftop garden films can progress toward becoming debased after some time or cracked by screws, nails or the utilization of digging tools. A cracked layer can breakwater and soil into the structure. Redesigning or supplanting the film may require total expulsion of the rooftop garden, which interferes with you to the starting point regarding nursery arranging and plant improvement
There is a high chance that your structure having a rooftop garden, odds are that insurance agencies will charge a higher premium than they would to cover a similar structure without a rooftop garden. More noteworthy protection expenses speak to another manner by which a rooftop nursery is frequently more costly than a normal nursery. Rooftop nurseries might be riskier than normal nurseries, because of the danger of falling. On the off chance that you have - or welcome over - youngsters to your rooftop garden, guarantee the edges of the nursery are blockaded so no one can tumble from the rooftop.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Green Roofs. (2019, Nov 16). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-green-roofs-essay
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