Creating Expectations of Tragedy in "A View From The Bridge"

Introduction

In this essay, I will explore how Arthur Miller masterfully constructs a sense of impending tragedy and disaster in his play 'A View From The Bridge.' Through an analysis of the language used, the characters' actions, and the strategically placed stage directions, we can gain valuable insights into the foreboding atmosphere that pervades the narrative. Set in the late 1940s in the waterfront neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York, the play unfolds within the Carbone family, highlighting their complex relationships and the arrival of Sicilian immigrants, which ultimately leads to turmoil within the family.

The Greek Tragedy Genre

As we delve into the elements that create expectations of tragedy in 'A View From The Bridge,' it is essential to recognize that the play adheres to the Greek tragedy genre in many ways. Greek tragedies typically culminate in unfavorable outcomes, often involving the demise of the central character. The genre is characterized by conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, which can encompass elements of destiny, free will, and divine intervention.

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In our analysis, we will identify how the play aligns with these key aspects of Greek tragedy.

The Role of Alfieri

The character of Alfieri, who serves as both a character within the narrative and a narrator-like figure, plays a pivotal role in establishing the expectation of tragedy. Alfieri's opening speech sets the tone for the entire play. He introduces himself as a lawyer and reflects on the community's perception of lawyers as harbingers of misfortune, stating, "In this neighborhood, to meet a lawyer or a priest on the street is unlucky.

We're only thought of in connection with disaster, and they'd rather not get too close." This early association of lawyers with disaster creates a sense of foreshadowing and unease in the audience's mind. Furthermore, when Alfieri introduces Eddie Carbone in the past tense, saying, "This one's name was Eddie Carbone," it hints at a tragic outcome for Eddie, reinforcing the expectation of impending doom.

Eddie and Catherine's Complex Relationship

Central to the play's sense of impending tragedy is the complex relationship between Eddie Carbone and his niece, Catherine. While they share a familial bond, their interactions often carry undertones of inappropriate affection. As Catherine enters the scene, it becomes apparent that her affection for Eddie borders on romantic infatuation. The stage directions describe Eddie as being "pleased, and therefore shy" when Catherine greets him. This initial interaction sets the stage for the ambiguity and tension in their relationship.

Catherine's need for Eddie's approval and her fixation on his opinions about her appearance raise red flags regarding the nature of their connection. She seeks validation from him, asking for his opinion on her new clothes and hairstyle. When Eddie disapproves, the stage directions reveal that Catherine is "almost in tears because he disapproves," underscoring the emotional intensity of their bond.

Furthermore, Eddie's overprotective attitude towards Catherine becomes increasingly evident. He wishes to dictate her choices, oblivious to her desires and autonomy. His list of wishes for her future, such as wanting her to work in a "nice office," reveals his domineering nature. It becomes clear to the audience that Eddie's overbearing behavior is endangering their relationship. This dynamic sets the stage for a tragic conflict that will undoubtedly escalate as the narrative unfolds.

Eddie's Obsession and Jealousy

Eddie Carbone's emotional turmoil and jealousy emerge as significant factors contributing to the impending tragedy. His fixation on Catherine's well-being and his possessive nature become increasingly problematic. Eddie's jealousy becomes palpable when he witnesses Catherine's growing attraction to Rodolfo, one of the newly arrived immigrants. When Rodolfo sings and Catherine is captivated by his performance, Eddie's discomfort is evident. He remarks, "We never had no singers here... and all of a sudden there's a singer in the house, y'know what I mean?" This jealousy becomes a driving force behind the impending tragedy.

Eddie's attempts to undermine Rodolfo's masculinity and assert his dominance create a sense of impending conflict. His insinuation that Rodolfo is effeminate by calling him "Paper Doll" and suggesting that Rodolfo embarrasses himself foreshadows a showdown between the two characters. Eddie's internal struggle and jealousy over Catherine's affections set the stage for a tragic clash.

Alfieri's Foreshadowing

Throughout the play, Alfieri serves as a voice of foreshadowing, reinforcing the expectation of tragedy. He periodically addresses the audience, providing insights into the unfolding events. He speaks of an impending "trouble that would not go away," hinting at the inevitability of conflict and disaster. Alfieri's presence as a narrator figure adds layers of anticipation to the narrative, drawing the audience deeper into the impending tragedy.

Conclusion

In Arthur Miller's 'A View From The Bridge,' the expectation of tragedy and disaster is masterfully crafted through a combination of elements. The Greek tragedy genre serves as a foundation, with its inherent characteristics of unfavorable outcomes, conflicts, and fatal flaws in the characters' personalities. Alfieri's role as both a character and narrator adds a layer of foreboding, emphasizing the association of lawyers with misfortune and signaling a tragic outcome for Eddie Carbone.

Central to the impending tragedy is the complex relationship between Eddie and Catherine, characterized by inappropriate affection, jealousy, and possessiveness. The audience witnesses the gradual deterioration of their bond, setting the stage for a tragic conflict. Eddie's obsession with Catherine and his jealousy towards Rodolfo further fuel the impending disaster, creating an atmosphere ripe for confrontation.

Alfieri's foreshadowing remarks throughout the play continually remind the audience of the inescapable tragedy on the horizon. As the narrative unfolds, these elements coalesce to create a palpable sense of anticipation, making 'A View From The Bridge' a poignant exploration of human emotions and the inexorable march toward tragedy.