A Qualitative Case Study design

METHODOLOGY

Chapter 3 displays the techniques in which the study is tied down. Encased here are the ways which the data and information of the exploration are acquired and how it will be connected and consolidated in the examination.

Research Design

This research follows a Qualitative Case Study design. According to Yin (2003), a case study "allows the researcher to explore individuals or organizations, simple through complex interventions, relationships, communities, or programs". Instead of seeking answers to questions such as "how much" or "how many," case study design is useful for answering "how" and "why" questions (Benbasat et al.

, 1987; Yin, 2003).

Moreover, to be more specific, the research is exploratory, intrinsic, and descriptive. An exploratory "type of case study is used to explore those situations in which the intervention being evaluated has no clear, single set of outcomes" (Yin, 2003). A descriptive type of case study, also according to Yin (2003) describes a phenomenon in which it occurred. Lastly, an Intrinsic type of case study according to Stake (1995) should be used by researchers whose intent is to have a better understanding of the case and not to build a theory.

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Research Methods

The researchers did a field observation in order to identify the daily activities or routine of the Aeta People. Moreover, a formal interview from the health care providers of Barangay Villa Maria and women of the Aeta Community was also done in order to understand and highlight how gendering affects the health care being provided by the local government of Porac, Pampanga and what might have changed in their health care system.

Research Instruments

For the documentation, the researchers used cameras for photographs and phones for the audio recording of the interview. The researchers used the transcripts from the interview conducted. The study also used different review of primary and secondary sources that served as a background data. Nevertheless, the researchers did not take pictures of the interviewees since they were not comfortable with.

Interview

Interviewing has sometime been treated as a distinct method, but more often it has been located with some broader methodological category, such as "surveys", "case study", or "life story" (Gubrium & Holstein, 2001). The type of interview that the researchers used in this is oral interview wherein the researchers had a visit to the Aeta community to personally interact and bond with them. There are sets of guide questions that were followed and there are some additional question to fully support and understand the key informants' answers.

The sets of questions are the same with each respondents the only difference is the additional questions because sometime the respondents add something new to their answers. The thing that were used in conducting the interview was a phone, paper and pen.

Review of Sources

The sources that was used in this study is both primary and secondary sources. For the primary source the researchers visited the municipality of Porac, Pampanga to inquire about how they can reach and interview the women of the Aeta community. The municipality of Porac, Pampanga were also the ones who suggested that the researchers can interview the women in barangay Villa Maria. The municipality then gave permission to the researchers to conduct an interview to the said area. They also accompanied the researchers there.

For the secondary sources, the researchers used published and unpublished materials for related literature and to also have a background regarding the study.

Study Site

The name "Porac" is derived from the word "purac" after the abundant Purac tress encountered by the first settlers and is believed to be the first town established in Pampanga. Porac being a ranch in the slope of a mountain called "Batiawan", agriculture became the major source of livelihood for the Pampangans who are of Malayan extraction. Eventually, the residents in the area moved to the lower grounds near the "Poraq River" in order to solve the scarcity of water. In 1853, the settlements in Porac were composed of six barangays namely Dolores, Manibaug, Mitla, Pias y Pio, Pulung Santol and Salu with a total population of 5,408. After the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991, a total of 9 barangays were covered in lahar which forced the residents to relocate. Finally, in 1995, the Pio Model Community was finished and housed a number of residents including the Aetas.

Currently there are a total of 5.057 Aetas living in Porac, Pampanga. Its land area is 34,310 hectares. After the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991, 6 lowland and 3 upper land barangays were covered in lahar resulting to the relocation of the residents. There are two (2) rural health units and 28 permanent health workers in Porac, Pampanga.

Research Participants

As it was mentioned earlier, the research participants for the study are selected Aeta women who are of ages 20-60 and local health care providers of Porac, Pampanga since they are the ones who provides health care services to the people of Barangay Villa Maria.

Analysis of Data

The researchers analyzed the data from the interviews conducted in order to provide information for the results, discussions, and conclusion of the study. The interviews together with the fieldwork served as the primary sources. Different news articles and journal articles were also used for the review of related literature which helped the researchers to have a further understanding of the research.