The Inca Civilization in Ancient Peru

The Inca Civilization In Ancient Peru Between 1400 and 1533 CE

The Inca Civilization began in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE, and their empire eventually extended across western South America from Quito in the north to Santiago in the south, making it the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time. The Incas, an American Indian people, were originally a small tribe in the southern highlands of Peru. In less than a century, during the 1400s, they built one of the largest, most tightly controlled empires the world has ever known.

The most common type of Inca house was rectangular with a thatched roof, and usually had just one room. The walls were usually made from stone or adobe. There was no furniture in these or any other Inca homes. Instead, there were a series of niches arranged in the walls. These acted as seats. The Incas use mud bricks for the walls and the roofs were made of wood.

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Machu Picchu is an Incan citadel set high in the Andes Mountains in Peru, above the Urubamba River valley. Built in the 15th century and later abandoned, it’s renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone walls that fuse huge blocks without the use of mortar, intriguing buildings that play on astronomical alignments and panoramic views. Its exact former use remains a mystery.

Machu Picchu is 2,430 meters above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments.

Inca farming techniques were quite advanced; the use of terraced fields in the highlands and irrigation systems in desert regions helped with the cultivation of crops throughout the empire.

Basic but effective Inca farming tools helped with the overall farming process. A number of staple foods were commonly grown by the Incas: The Inca grew many vegetables such as potatoes. The Incas grew over 200 varieties of potato, a food unknown outside South America until the arrival of the Spanish. The Incas freeze-dried potatoes to make a long-lasting food known as chuño.They also grew Quinoa which is grown primarily for its seeds, quinoa was seen as a sacred plant by the Incas. They also grew tomatoes, and pumpkins