Hemingway's Symbolic Narrative: "Hills Like White Elephants"

Exploring courage in literature often involves challenging societal norms and addressing taboo subjects. In this context, Ernest Hemingway emerges as a courageous writer who, during a time when abortion was a largely unspoken taboo, fearlessly penned "Hills Like White Elephants." This narrative delves into the complex relationship between an American man and his girlfriend, Jig, as they grapple with the decision of whether or not to pursue an abortion. Hemingway employs symbolism as a powerful narrative tool, with Jig's name, the reference to white elephants, and the bamboo beaded curtain in the train station serving as key symbols.

The Symbolism of Jig's Name

Symbolism can manifest overtly or subtly, and in Hemingway's narrative, Jig's name becomes a nuanced symbol. In the story, Jig mentions, "I wanted to try this new drink. That's all we do, isn't it--look at things and try new drinks?" (Hemingway) Her name, subtly referring to a measurement of alcohol, unveils a carefree and experimental nature. Notably, the man remains nameless, allowing readers to project their perceptions onto the characters.

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Hemingway's intentional vagueness prompts readers to shape the characters based on their interpretations.

This deliberate choice in naming enhances the narrative's depth, suggesting a couple accustomed to carefree exploration and indulgence in life's pleasures. Jig's name acts as a gateway to understanding their dynamic, setting the stage for the subsequent exploration of more profound symbolism.

The Enigmatic White Elephants

The central and most pervasive symbolism in the narrative revolves around white elephants. A white elephant traditionally symbolizes a valuable possession with a cost exceeding its utility.

The symbolism takes on different meanings for both Jig and the American man. For the man, the white elephant embodies an unwanted burden, representing the impending child. Jig, on the other hand, sees the precious aspect of the unborn child, finding value in the life growing within her.

The significance of the white elephant becomes apparent in a dialogue where Jig remarks, "They look like white elephants," to which the man responds dismissively, "I've never seen one" (Hemingway). This exchange underlines the stark contrast in their perspectives, with the man leaning towards the burdensome nature of parenthood and Jig embracing the preciousness of new life. The symbolism of the white elephant serves as a powerful metaphor for the complexities and differing viewpoints surrounding the possibility of parenthood.

The Curtain of Contention: Bamboo Beads and Symbolism

Adding another layer to the narrative's symbolism is the bamboo beaded curtain in the train station. This curtain symbolizes the growing divide between Jig and the man due to their conflicting views on the potential new life. The story describes the curtain as a barrier, stating, "Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies" (Hemingway).

The curtain acts as a visual representation of the issues arising from the possibility of a new life. Jig's desire to embrace motherhood becomes a divisive element, creating a barrier between them. The narrative suggests that the curtain becomes a growing problem as the man persists in advocating for the abortion, despite Jig's wishes. This symbolism underscores the tension and challenges that arise when fundamental decisions about life and parenthood are at odds.

Conclusion: Hemingway's Fearless Symbolic Narrative

Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" stands as a testament to the author's courage in addressing taboo subjects and challenging societal norms. Through meticulous symbolism, Hemingway explores the complexities of the characters' choices and perspectives, particularly regarding the possibility of abortion. Jig's name, the symbolism of white elephants, and the bamboo beaded curtain contribute to the narrative's richness, offering readers multiple layers of interpretation.

Hemingway's intentional vagueness and his adherence to the iceberg principle invite readers to engage actively with the text, drawing their conclusions and decoding the nuanced symbolism. In tackling such a sensitive topic during a period of societal restraint, Hemingway exemplifies the essence of courage in literature. "Hills Like White Elephants" remains a timeless exploration of human decisions, societal expectations, and the profound impact of symbolism on narrative depth.