The Antimicrobial Effect of Different Components

Discussion:

Among different bacteria included in this study, out of them some enteropathogens, i.e., S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi are inhibited by methanolic extract of different research drug. S. aureus was sensitive to alcoholic (methanolic) extract of Balaka, Nagar and Mustaka; and E. coli was sensitive to alcoholic (methanolic) extract of Indrayava and Mustaka while S. typhi was sensitive to alcoholic (methanolic) extract of Indrayava and Balaka. The above finding suggests that the ingredients of Nagaradi Yoga showed promising antimicrobial activity against S.

aureus, E. coli and S. typhi.

Antimicrobial study was previously done on Balaka (Pavonia odorata) by Manivannan et. al. in 2015. In this study methanolic extract of Pavonia odorata shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.8

Antimicrobial study of Joe et. al., 2009 showed that the alcoholic extracts of Zingiber officinale (ginger) has been evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Morganella morgani, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. The Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract showed antimicrobial activity against these microorganism.

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9

Antimicrobial study of Shivakumar S. I., et. al. 2013 showed that Petroleum ether, Chloroform and Methanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus (Linn) inhibited the adherence of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter jejuni. The decrease in colonization was observed in this study, which suggesting that the Cyperus rotundus (Linn) had antimicrobial activity against diarrhea inducing microbes.10

Antimicrobial study was previously done on Indrayava by Niraj et al in 2015. Indrayava is the ingredients of our research drug i.e. Nagaradi Yoga. Study showed that Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was sensitive to Indrayava.

MIC value of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was 16?g/ml, 40?g/ml and 40?g/ml respectively.11

The present study provokes to explore further the antimicrobial effect of each and every component on the spectrum of the enteropathogens including bacteria, parasites, fungi and virus only then exact resolution can be drawn to label them as specific antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion:

In the present antimicrobial study of ingredients of Nagaradi Yoga, the Nagar (Zingiber officinale), Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus), Indrayava (Holarrhena antidysenterica) and Balaka (Pavonia odorata) showed promising antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi.

References:

1. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrheal-diease, may-2017.
2. American Medical Association, AMA, Scientific Rationale for a Change in the Composition of Oral Rehydration Solution, June-2004.
3. Mitchell I. Wolfe, Kurt B. Nolte, Steven S. Yoon, Fatal Infectious Disease Surveillance in a Medical Examiner Database, 2004 Jan; 10(1): 48-53.
4. Dr. Maharaj K. Bhan, Current concepts in management of acute diarrhea, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
5. Prevalence and Seasonal distribution of Rotavirus Diarrhea in hospitalized children less than 5 year old in South Rajasthan, International Journal of Biomedical Research 2015; 6(03): 214-218.
6. GHAI Essential Pediatrics, 8th edition, CBS publishers, 2013, New Delhi, P-291
7. Kliegman, Stanton, ST. Geme, Schor, Behrman, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 1st South Asia Edition, Vol.- II, chapter 341, Published by Elsevier, New Delhi, Reprint 2017, P- 1854
8. Manivannan et. al., Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive components of Pavonia odorata Wild, AJPCT, 3 (1) 2015, P- 79-87
9. Joe et al., Antimicrobial activity of some common spices against certain human pathogens, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Vol. 3(11) 2009, pp. 1134-1136
10. Shivakumar S I, et. al., Antimicrobial activity of root extracts of Cyperus rotundus (Linn) using diarrhea inducing microbes, Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 5(4) 2013, p- 244-246
11. Srivastava, N., Antibacterial Activity of Kutaj (Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn.) in childhood diarrhea - In vitro study, The Pharma Innovation Journal 2015; 4(4), P-97-99