Various lists of the Wonders of the World have been compiled from antiquity to the present day, to catalogue the world's most spectacular natural wonders and manmade structures. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the first known list of the most remarkable creations of classical antiquity, and was based on guide-books popular among Hellenic sight-seers and only includes works located around the Mediterranean rim. The number seven was chosen because the Greeks believed it to be the representation of perfection and plenty and also because it was the number of the five planets known anciently plus the sun and moon.

Many similar lists have been made. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is one of that lists. The historian Herodotus (484 – ca. 425 BCE), and the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca. 305 – 240 BCE) at the Museum of Alexandria, made early lists of seven wonders. Their writings have not survived, except as references. The classic seven wonders were Great Pyramid of Giza,Hanging Gardens of Babylon,Statue of Zeus at Olympia,Temple of Artemis at Ephesus,Mausoleum at HalicarnassusColossus of Rhodes and Lighthouse of Alexandria.

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First wonder in the list is Great Pyramid of Giza. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Second wonder is Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one whose location has not been definitely established.

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Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon.

There are no extant Babylonian texts which mention the gardens and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in Babylon. Statue of Zeus at Olympia is the third wonder. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 13 m tall. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World until its loss and destruction during the fifth century AD. Any copy of the statue has ever been found, and details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins. Fourth wonder is Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.

It was a Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was located in and was completely rebuilt three times before its destruction in 401. Mausoleum of Halicarnassusis the fifth wonder in the list. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus. The Mausoleum is neraly 45 m and each of the four sides was decorated with sculptural reliefs. Colossus of Rhodes is the sixth wonder. The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek Titan Helios built in the city of Rhodes between 292 and 280 BC.

It was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of Cyprus whose son unsuccessfully encompassed Rhodes in 305 BC. Before its destruction in the earthquake of 226 BC, the Colossus of Rhodes was 30 meters making it one of the tallest statues of the ancient world. Seventh and the last wonder is the Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of was a tower built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 280 and 247 BC on the coastal island of Pharos at Alexandria, Egypt for the purpose of guiding sailors into the port.

It was between 120 and 140 m long. It was one of the tallest man-made structures on Earth for many centuries. Badly damaged by three earthquakes between 956 and 1323, it then became an abandoned building. Another list is Seven wonders of the Solar System. The seventh wonder is Enceladus, a satellite of the planet Saturn. Next in line is the Rings of Saturn. The fifth wonder of our solar system is Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Continuing the journey from the gas giant planets is where the fourth wonder is; the Asteroid Belt.

Number three is the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, then the surface of the Sun, and finally, the most wonderful of all the wonders is Earth’s oceans. Ennceladus is the last wonder in the solar system. Enceladus is one of Saturn's sixty-two known moons. Enceladus is unique because of its volcanic activity. It is thought that Enceladus must have an internal heat source but the moon is ice covered. Enceladus erupts with water and ice. When the water reaches the surface it is turned into ice and the geyers spew forth material at over 1400 mph.

Vulcanism of water and ice is termed cryovolcanism and can be seen in the southern region of Enceladus. It is believed that the eruptions feed Saturn's E ring with more material. Rings of saturn are the sixth. Saturn's rings were discovered in 1610 by Galileo and have been a source of amazement ever since. The rings are made up of 35 trillion trillion tons of rock and ice. They range in size from pebble to mountain size. Once thought to be one massive ring, it is now known to be made up of many separate rings.

In 2009 NASA discovered a nearly invisible ring around Saturn. The ring is so enormous that 1 billion Earths would be needed to fill the space. Great red spot is the fifth wonder. Jupiter is the largest planet in the system. It is the home of what is thought to be the longest ongoing storm, the Great Red Spot. The storm has been raging for almost 400 years and is large enough to fit 3 Earths inside. The storm rises 5 miles high in Jupiter's atmosphere and is the largest storm in the solar system. The fourth wonder of the Solar System is the Asteroid Belt.

Located between Mars and Jupiter, the Asteroid Belt is comprised of 100 million miles of rocks. Some are the size of stones and some are the size of cities. Unlike Hollywood's portrayal of the Asteroid Belt, they are not closely compacted together continuously knocking into each other. The average separation between asteroids is about one million miles. Ceres is a dwarf planet located within the belt and it contains approximately 1/4 the mass of all asteroids. Third wonder is Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is the largest volcano in the solar system.

It is almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Olympus Mons has a 13 mile summit and it is thought to be so large because the gravity is less than on Earth. Olympus Mons is 100 times the volume of Mauna Loa in Hawaii, which is the largest volcano on Earth. Because of the shallow slope of the volcano and its vast size means that a person standing on the surface of Mars would not be able to see the upper profile even from a distance. The surface of the Sun is the second wonder in our list. The surface of the Sun is the second of the seven wonders.

The surface is 10,000 degrees of plasma and its power is equal to a billion tons of TNT. The sun allows life to exist on Earth. The sun is composed mostly of helium and hydrogen. As essential as the sun is it is also as dangerous. Coronal Mass Ejection or CME can send 10 billion tons of solar matter towards Earth at a million miles per hour. When the solar matter reaches Earth it can cause beautiful light shows at the poles, Aurora Borealis in the North and Aurora Australis in the South. It can also wreak havoc on our satellites, communications and power grids.

The oceans of Earth are the first wonder. The oceans of Earth are unique in our Solar System. No other planet in our Solar System has liquid. Life on Earth originated in the seas, and the oceans continue to be home to an incredibly diverse web of life. The oceans of Earth serve many functions, especially affecting the weather and temperature. They moderate the Earth's temperature by absorbing incoming solar radiation (stored as heat energy). The always-moving ocean currents distribute this heat energy around the globe. This heats the land and air during winter and cools it during summer.

The Earth's oceans are all connected to one another. Until the year 2000, there were four recognized oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic. In the Spring of 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization delimited a new ocean, the Southern Ocean. Seven Natural Wonders of the World is another list made by CNN. In this list wonders are Grand Canyon, Great Barrier Reef, Harbor of Rio de Janeiro, Mount Everest, Northern and southern lights, Paricutin volcano and Victoria Falls. First wonder is Grand Canyon in USA. The Grand Canyon is the largest known rift in the world.

Because of heavy mineral deposits that the canyon is bright red, brown and orange. Science shows that the canyons were carved out by the Colorado River. Second wonder is the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is an extensive complex of islets, shoals and, of course, coral reefs. It is located off of Australia’s northeastern coastline in the Pacific Ocean. This wonder has been characterized as the biggest structure that living creatures have ever built. Another wonder in this list is the Harbor of Rio de Janeiro.

The Harbor of Rio de Janeiro is located in Brazil and was created by erosion from the Atlantic Ocean and is also known as Guanabara Bay. The Harbor is surrounded by gorgeous mountains. fourth wonder is Mount Everest. Mount Everest, which literally means “the top or the head of the sky,” is the tallest mountain on Earth. The mountain itself touches the borders of Tibet and Nepal and is a part of the Himalayan Range. Northern and southern lights are the fifth wonder. Northern and southern lights are caused by the collision of gas particles in the Earth's atmosphere with charged electrons from the sun's atmosphere.

Sixth wonder is the Paricutin volcain. The Paricutin eruption took place between February 1943 and February 1952. The Paricutin volcano grew out of a cornfield. The worst of Paricutin's volcanic activity, took place in 1943. Last wonder is Victoria Falls. Victoria Falls is located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe and is one of the world’s most spectacular natural wonders. Even though it is not the highest or the widest waterfall, Victoria Falls is considered the biggest waterfall in the whole world as it has the widest sheet of falling water in the world.

Seven Ancient Wonders Of The World

Man fears Time, yet Time fears the PyramidsThe Great Pyramid of Giza lies next to Cairo.

It is today in greater Cairo.

According to the wonders of the ancient world, the pyramid of Khufu is the only pyramid included in the list of the wonders. The other two of the pyramids of Giza are excluded from the list. This is the only monument of the seven wonders to survive till today in perfect condition and managing mere escapes from fires, earthquakes and other common disasters that hold a threat to anything other large artifact stands on earth. It today is in perfect condition despite its loss of height and its unperfected preservation of outside rock smoothness and quality. It was constructed by the Egyptian pharaoh: Khufu of the fourth dynasty. It held its purpose as his tomb, and a few years later its purpose came into use. It is the only surviving ancient wonder.

The Hanging gardens of Babylon was located on the east coast of the river Euphrates. It is currently located 50 kms south of Baghdad in Iraq.

These hanging gardens were built in the Babylonian empire at the time of the neo-Babylonian dynasty and built by the famous king Naboplashar's son: Nebuchadnezzar II. Its purpose was to please the wife of Nebuchadnezzar, whom liked mountain, surrounded areas. The only remains of the gardens were the foundations excavated in more recent archaeological projects in Iraq. However the gardens were accurately reconstructed with many positive and negative arguments about the artificial structure. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were very well renowned for it's system of water fountains, pipes and irrigation structures, which take care of the garden leaving the grass permanently green and the trees and bushes regularly watered.

The statue of Zeus at Olympia was located in the ancient town of Olympia, on the modern map; the monument is located on the west coast of Greece, approximately 150 km west of Athens.

The construction of the statue was completed in 450 BC. It was built in honor of the god Zeus. As the importance of the ancient Olympic Games in Greece became more demanding, important, and cultural, the Greeks needed a temple that was new, large, one worthy of the king of the gods. Thus they built the statue of Zeus. It was made a wonder of the ancient world due to its magnificent interior statue. It is well renowned for the statues sandals and robes which were made of gold and the temple's Doric styled design. As the years passed, several natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides and floods did immense damage to the structure. Later on, the inner statue of Zeus was transported to Constantinople. There it suffered from a fire and today the only remains of this temple are rocks and debris.

The Ancient temple of Artemis is located in the ancient city of Ephesus near the modern city of Selcuk 50kms south of Izmir in Turkey. It was built in honour of the divinities of hunting, wild nature and fertility: the goddess Artemis. The structure was believed to be the most beautiful structure on Earth and was built around 550BC. The temple was both a market place and a religious institution. It was a temple built of the greatest marble and consisted of bronze statues of the goddesses.

The temple was later on burned to the ground by Herostratus who wanted to immortalize his name under the name of history and existence and he was very successful. Then a law had been created that whoever spoke of him shall be executed. It was a coincidence that Alexander the great was born on the same night of destruction of the temple, and the goddess Artemis was too busy taking care of the birth of Alexander to save her temple. Though the temple was rebuilt and now named temple E, the temple which was actually the wonder is now nothing but foundations and rock.

The mausoleum at Halicarnassus is located in the city of Bodrum (Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea in south west Turkey. It was built as a tomb for the king of the empire Caria. It was well renowned for its extreme beauty and the finest marble of which it was built with.it is also known for its beautiful inner statues. Later on in the early 16 century, the structure faced an end. The knights of st John built a massive crusading castle and decided to fortify it. Thus they used the mausoleum to supply their material. They displaced every block from the mausoleum to build their walls. By 1522, the mausoleums foundations were also incomplete, it had been cleared.

The Colossus of Rhodes was located at entrance of a harbor in the Mediterranean island of Rhodes at Greece. In 304BC, after the people of Rhodes came to a peace agreement with the Antigonids, they collected their leftover weapons from outside their territory where the Antigonids have been trying to siege Rhodes in order to break their alliance with Ptolemy I from Egypt. They sold the weapons and collected the money and built the statue in symbol of their freedom. It took 12 years to construct the structure, and it lived for only a mere 56 years. It was broken by an earthquake at its weakest point, its knees. Around AD654, it was sold to a Jew. The statue was well known for its amazing shape of it standing on two pieces of land which were joined the major island. Each mini peninsula had a leg on it and the statue lifting a torch into the sky. The statue was a divinity: the sun god of Rhodes-Helios.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was located on the island of pharos currently in Alexandria in Egypt. It was built in honor of the savior gods. It was necessary that they built that lighthouse because of the dangerous and rough rocked coastline of Alexandria. So they built it to save the ships from danger. It was very well renowned for its mirrors which could reflect light for over 50 miles. It was the only wonder of the seven wonders of the ancient world that had a purpose that would serve several people with an additional purpose other than religion. It was the most important of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient world.

The list of the seven wonders of the ancient world was originally compiled around 200BC.many suggestions, arguments and changes have been made to the list when finally during the middle ages the list was recompiled, even though most of the monuments didn't even co-exist. For the ancient people and workers who built and saw the wonders being built to them was a celebration of either religion, peace, burial or afterlife ceremonies, freedom or simply the beauty of the structure like the hanging Gardens of Babylon. others had a more important and divers purposes such as the Lighthouse of Alexandria which was built in honor of the savior gods and was built to help the ancient sailors to a peaceful trip back or to the harbor. Some structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza were spectacular and complicated structures with several passageways, corridors, traps and escape shafts to confuse tomb raiders. However, every single wonder was truly spectacular and the ancient world wouldn't have been able to support its massive reputation without these structures.

Bibliography

http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/pyramid.htmlhttp://www.unmuseum.org/ztemp.htmhttp://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/zeus.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9705/seven.wonders/http://www.crystalinks.com/seven.html

Updated: Sep 29, 2022
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Seven wonders of the world. (2016, Oct 11). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/seven-wonders-of-the-world-essay

Seven wonders of the world essay
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