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Review Of Related Literature

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a monotypic taxon, having only a single species. The tamarind tree produces edible, pod-like fruit which are used extensively in cuisines around the world. Tamarind has folkloric medical usage.

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In some countries, its leaves can be made as a poultice and be applied to ulcers, boils, and rashes. Its ash may be processed to become a decoction and be gargled to treat sore throats. Its bark may be used to treat asthma by drinking the boiled bark water. Some of these medical uses of tamarind are sometimes effective but not yet approved by science. Although not that popular, Tamarind leaves may also be used as a poultice to relieve inflamed joints.

Its leaves have polyphenols and flavonoids in which it have the presence of proanthocyanidine in various forms like apigenin, anthocyanin, procyanidine, catechin, epicatechin, along with taxifolin, eriodictyol and naringenin. Other constituents like tartaric acid, mucilage, pectin, arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose, uronic acid and triterpenes have also been identified in Tamarind. Out of these phytoconstituents, polyphenols and flavonoids have been well known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action. Inflammation may be extinguished even by using Tamarind leaves as poultice only. Siling Labuyo (Capsicum frutescens) is a species of chili pepper that is sometimes considered to be part of the species Capsicum annuum.

Pepper cultivars in Capsicum frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants.

Frutescens have some properties that can be used as a stimulant, digestive, rubefacient, stomachic, sialagogue, alterative, antispasmodic, febrifuge, depurative drug. The main nutrient of Siling labuyo which deals temporary relief in an inflammation is the Capsaicin. Capsaicin are usually used as a cream for temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with arthritis, simple backache, strains and sprains, often in compounds with other rubefacients. The main agent of Capsaicin for its anti-inflammatory effect is Naproxen.

Tamarind may treat joints inflammation because of its polyphenols and flavonoids while Siling Labuyo can relieve inflamed joints due to the presence of Capsaicin.

Review of Related Studies

“Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Tamarindus indica Leaves”( Bhadoriya SS, Mishra V, Raut S, Ganeshpurkar A, Jain SK ;Department of Pharmacology, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.) - 470002, India. Scientia Pharmaceutica ) is a study related to the current study. It that proves that Tamarind has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties that proves that traditional and folklore practices are true. They were proven by putting the plant on phytochemical analysis and knowing its constituents those anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. To test if the constituents can really remove inflammation, a test was carried out to a male rat with joint inflammation and the final outcome came out that Tamarind do really have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive property.

“Capsaicin exhibits anti-inflammatory property by inhibiting IkB-a degradation in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages.” (Kim CS, Kawada T, Kim BS, Han IS, Choe SY, Kurata T, Yu R. ;Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Mugeo-dong, Nam-ku, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.) is a study which was conducted to determine if Capsaicin, a significant nutrient in Capsicum Frutescens, do really have a anti-inflammatory property. The conclusion of the study is that Capsaicin do really have a anti-inflammatory property because a significant inhibition of the production of LPS-induced PGE2 by capsaicin was observed in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages.

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