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In examining the landscape of international relations, it is imperative to critically assess the similarities and differences between conservative theories, such as idealism and realism, and the transformative theory propounded by Marxists. This discourse aims to explore five key assumptions, shedding light on how these theories diverge and converge.
Understanding international relations requires a nuanced examination of conservative theories, including idealism and realism, juxtaposed with the transformative theory advanced by Marxists. This discussion will delve into five main assumptions, elucidating the contrasts between the Marxist transformative theory and the theories of idealism and realism.
Firstly, akin to realism, Marxist transformative theory posits that comprehending the international system's structure is paramount.
While realism accentuates the anarchic nature of global politics, Marxist transformative theory emphasizes the pivotal role of economic structures and the distinct positions occupied by states, societies, and classes. A historical illustration is the Russian workers' revolution in the 1920s, a manifestation of Marxist theory predicting the proletariat's ascendancy due to economic structures established by the Monarchy.
Secondly, Marxists underscore the importance of power.
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Realists deem the distribution of power as the primary explanatory variable in international relations, focusing on state and military power. In this regard, Marxist transformatists align more closely with realists than idealists, as they too emphasize power differentials, particularly structural economic power rather than military might.
Thirdly, Marxists share a skeptical stance towards the role of morality in international relations, akin to realism. Marxists posit that morality often serves as an ideological smokescreen, obscuring the genuine and determining economic interests guiding actors.
In contrast, idealists advocate for a significant role for morality in international affairs, exemplified by America's Marshall Plan, which aimed not only at altruism but also at curbing the spread of communism and preserving capitalist states.
Fourthly, both idealists and Marxists diverge from realism's preoccupation with the state. Idealists argue for a pluralist perspective, contending that various actors influence international relations. On the other hand, Marxists, while not embracing pluralism, recognize only a select few actors as pivotal economic players, challenging realism's overemphasis on the state's role.
Lastly, concerning the continuity of international relations, Marxists find themselves between realists and idealists. Like realists, they acknowledge a lack of inherent continuity, emphasizing historical disparities in the control of means of production. However, Marxists depart from realists by asserting the potential for fundamental transformation. In aligning with idealists, Marxists also envision a better world, but their perspective differs in that they view improvement as a deliberate, non-natural process.
In conclusion, the comparative analysis of conservative theories, including idealism and realism, alongside the transformative theory of Marxists, reveals both similarities and disparities. The examination of structural considerations, power dynamics, the role of morality, actors in international relations, and the question of continuity or transformation provides a comprehensive understanding of these theories. While each theory contributes distinct insights, the nuances in their assumptions underscore the complexity of international relations and the varied lenses through which scholars perceive and interpret global dynamics.
Comparing Idealism, Realism, and Marxism in International Relations. (2016, Sep 28). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/philosophical-theories-of-idealism-realism-and-marxism-essay
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