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“Hey Jude” by The Beatles, penned by Paul McCartney and released in 1968, stands out not only for its melodic beauty but also for its unconventional structure and harmonic richness. This essay delves into the unique musical elements and structure of the song, exploring how McCartney's creative choices contribute to the overall impact of this timeless ballad.
The genesis of "Hey Jude" lies in McCartney's desire to comfort Lennon's son Julian during his parents' divorce. Originally titled "Hey Jules," the song evolved into a heartfelt ballad with the central theme of turning a sad situation into something better.
McCartney's empathetic approach to Julian's plight is evident in the lyrics, as he urges, "don't make it bad, take a sad song and make it better."
Played in the key of F Major and adhering to a 4/4 time signature, "Hey Jude" defies traditional genre norms with its rock and pop fusion presented in a ballad style. The song's structure, outlined as Verse 1, Verse 2, Bridge 1, Verse 3, Bridge 2, Verse 4, Outro jam into fade out, deviates from the standard pop formula, placing emphasis on texture rather than conventional form.
The initial verse establishes a minimalist approach, utilizing a simple chord progression in F Major.
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McCartney's solo vocal melody, accompanied only by a piano, sets a contemplative tone for the song. The verse avoids lingering on unstable tones, swiftly resolving back to the diatonic key.
Building upon the foundation of Verse 1, Verse 2 introduces a tambourine played on the offbeat and an acoustic rhythm guitar.
Backing vocals in the form of simple "ahhhh's" join in the second half, creating a harmonious blend. The addition of one bar at the end disrupts the verse's stability, smoothly transitioning into the first bridge.
Extended to 11 and a half measures, Bridge 1 maintains stability through a five-bar phrase, mirroring the transition from verse to bridge. The introduction of a walking bass line and emphatic drumming with tapping cymbals adds complexity. Melodically, the vocals tend to descend, creating tension until the major melody swell leading to the next verse.
Verse 3 introduces backing vocals in thirds and a stray vocal that foreshadows the lyrical ideas in the upcoming bridge. The tambourine's frequency increases, played as semi-quavers, enhancing the rhythmic intricacy of the verse.
Mirroring Bridge 1 with slight lyrical variations, Bridge 2 maintains harmonic and musical consistency. The lead vocals become more ornate, incorporating additional passing notes while adhering to the diatonic F Major scale.
In the final verse, vocal ornamentation and harmonizing backing vocals in parallel thirds enhance the emotive impact. A spectacular vocal flourish leads to the jam section and outro, setting the stage for the song's grand conclusion.
The outro, spanning 72 bars, introduces a flat-VII chord, infusing a modal, Mixolydian feel that contrasts with the song's first half. The repetitive "nah nah nah nah..." vocal line, accompanied by a doubling bass line, gradually builds in intensity. As the mantra-like phrase repeats, additional instruments such as mid-range strings and trumpets are layered, creating a sense of grandeur and urgency. The violins rise and swell, contributing to a frantic atmosphere as the song fades out.
This mantra-like phrase continues repetitively throughout the 72 bar outro. At repeat 4, you can hear the inclusion of mid-range strings, a couple of octaves above the bass; trumpets are introduced, enabling a sense of grandeur to the outro and helping this section keep its momentum and interest. In the 8th repeat, the violins rise and swell four octaves above the bass line, and the vocal ad lib becomes more frantic in nature, supplying the listener with a sense of almost panic and urgency as the song fades out.
"Hey Jude" masterfully balances delicate contrasts in its first half, relying on thin sounds and subtle instrumentation. In the second half, the song transforms with big tones, layered instruments, and stacked harmonies, creating a dynamic listening experience. McCartney's strategic use of repetition and contrast, coupled with resolved melodic dissonance, culminates in an outro that leaves a lasting impact on the listener. From its humble beginnings to its fantastic conclusion, "Hey Jude" remains a testament to McCartney's musical genius and the enduring power of unconventional songwriting.
The unconventional elements of "Hey Jude" contribute significantly to its enduring legacy. The song's impact is not only evident in its chart-topping success but also in its influence on subsequent generations of musicians. The intricate harmony, unique structure, and McCartney's emotive vocals have inspired countless artists to explore new avenues in songwriting.
Furthermore, the outro of "Hey Jude" serves as a masterclass in gradual musical buildup. The gradual addition of instruments, from strings to trumpets, creates a crescendo that captivates the listener. This technique of layering and building tension has been adopted by musicians across genres, highlighting the song's timeless relevance.
Upon its release, "Hey Jude" received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences alike. The song's success was not limited to the charts; it earned recognition through prestigious awards. The unconventional structure and innovative musical choices set "Hey Jude" apart, earning it accolades that solidified its place in musical history.
Among the notable achievements, "Hey Jude" became the longest single to top the British charts at the time of its release. The song's impact on popular culture is evident in its continued presence in various forms of media, from movies to commercials, showcasing its enduring relevance.
"Hey Jude" marks a pivotal moment in The Beatles' artistic evolution. Departing from traditional pop structures, the band embraced experimentation, pushing the boundaries of what a song could be. McCartney's willingness to explore unconventional avenues in songwriting showcased the band's maturity and growth.
The song's success paved the way for The Beatles to continue their sonic exploration in later albums, influencing subsequent works like "Abbey Road" and "The White Album." "Hey Jude" stands as a testament to the band's ability to evolve and innovate within the ever-changing landscape of the music industry.
In conclusion, "Hey Jude" remains a timeless musical journey that transcends its era. McCartney's heartfelt lyrics, coupled with the unconventional musical elements, create an emotional resonance that continues to captivate audiences. The song's legacy is not just in its historical significance but in its enduring impact on how we perceive and appreciate music. "Hey Jude" stands as a testament to the power of artistic innovation and the ability of a song to leave an indelible mark on the fabric of popular culture.
The Unconventional Harmony of "Hey Jude". (2016, Sep 15). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/hey-jude-song-analysis-essay
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