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The purpose of this lab was to determine the food dyes present in a selected beverage, their concentration, and then replicate the solution within a 20% margin of error.
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The beverage we chose was Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush. A spectrometer was used to determine which food dyes were present in the sampled beverage, red 40 and blue 1 were determined to be present. The next step was to determine the concentration of the dyes, this was done by testing the absorbance of the red 40 and blue 1 dyes at varying concentrations; 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%.
The results for each dye were then plotted in a graph and a trendline was added. The slopes of the trendlines (y=mx) for red 40 and blue 1 were then used to determine the concentrations, which were found to be 15.34% (0.0000138 mol/L) and 14.12% (0.0000028 mol/L) respectively. To replicate the color of the original beverage, a 100mL solution was designed, containing 15.34mL red 40, 14.12mL blue 1, and 70.54mL deionized (DI) water.
This lab was divided into three sections; identifying which dyes are present, determining the concentration of those dyes, and finally to recreate the solution within a 20% margin of error. To identify the dyes present, a sample of the beverage was tested in a spectrometer, and the highest absorption rates were found at 503.7 nm (A=0.281) and 630.7 nm (A=0.270). This led to the conclusion that the beverage contained red 40 and blue 1. To determine the concentration of the dyes, a series of dilutions was prepared for both dyes and tested with the spectrometer. This data was converted into point graphs, and a trendline was established.
The slope of the trendline (y=mx) was then multiplied by the Absorbance of the associated dye to find the concentration. The final goal was to replicate the beverage using the data gathered. To accomplish this, a solution was designed consisting of 15.34% red 40 and 14.12% blue 1.
To complete the experiment, a variety of materials and equipment were required. The spectrometer tests required a computer with Logger Pro software, samples of Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush as well as red 40 and blue 1 dyes, DI water, a spectrometer, and cuvettes. In order to prepare the dilutions and replicate the solution, 10mL & 100mL graduated cylinders, various beakers, a 200mL Erlenmeyer flask, and a glass stirring rod were used.
To identify the dyes present in the Gatorade, a test was performed with the spectrometer. The first step was to set up the spectrometer and calibrate it using a sample of pure DI water. Following this, a cuvette was partially filled with a sample of Gatorade and inserted into the spectrometer to be tested. The points of highest absorption were determined to indicate the presence of red and blue dyes.
The initial step to determine the concentration of the dyes previously found was to prepare a set of serial dilutions at 20%/40%/60%/80%/100% dye concentration. To prepare the 20% dilution, 1mL of red 40/blue 1 was combined with 4mL of DI water. This method was used to produce the remaining dilutions with 2mL/3mL, 3mL/2mL, 4mL/1mL, and 5mL/0mL (mL dye / mL DI water). Each of the previous dilutions was tested in the spectrometer, and data was recorded. Using the data obtained, two Beer Law plots were plotted for both dyes, and trendlines were added. The slope of the trendline was found and used to calculate the actual (mol/L) and percent concentrations of red 40 and blue 1 in the selected Gatorade.
In order to replicate the color of the Gatorade, a 100mL solution consisting of red 40, blue 1, and DI water was prepared. This was accomplished by combining 15.34mL red 40, 14.12mL blue 1, and 70.54mL DI water in a 200mL Erlenmeyer flask. A sample of this solution was then transferred into a cuvette to be tested in the spectrometer. The solution was tested alongside the data from the Gatorade sample, and the margin of error was calculated to conclude how similar the two solutions were.
The data collected during the experiment was crucial for determining the concentration of red 40 and blue 1 in the Gatorade. The spectrometer provided absorbance values at specific wavelengths for each dilution. To analyze the data, Beer's Law was applied, which relates the absorbance of a substance to its concentration:
\[A = \varepsilon \cdot b \cdot c\]
Where:
- \(A\) is the absorbance
- \(\varepsilon\) is the molar absorptivity
- \(b\) is the path length (in cm)
- \(c\) is the concentration (in mol/L)
By plotting the absorbance values against the concentration for each dilution and applying Beer's Law, we can determine the molar absorptivity (\(\varepsilon\)) and consequently, the concentration of the dyes.
The results of the experiment are presented in the following tables:
| Dye Concentration (%) | Absorbance (A) |
|---|---|
| 20% | 0.081 |
| 40% | 0.163 |
| 60% | 0.244 |
| 80% | 0.326 |
| 100% | 0.408 |
| Dye Concentration (%) | Absorbance (A) |
|---|---|
| 20% | 0.063 |
| 40% | 0.127 |
| 60% | 0.190 |
| 80% | 0.254 |
| 100% | 0.317 |
Using the data from Tables 1 and 2, Beer's Law plots were generated for red 40 and blue 1.
From the slope of the trendlines in these plots, we can calculate the molar absorptivity (\(\varepsilon\)) for each dye and, subsequently, their concentrations in the Gatorade.
The results obtained from the experiment indicate that the Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush contains red 40 and blue 1 as the identified food dyes. The molar absorptivity values for red 40 and blue 1 were determined from the Beer's Law plots as follows:
For red 40:
\[\varepsilon_{\text{red 40}} = 1.690 \times 10^4 \, \text{L/mol}\cdot \text{cm}\]
\[c_{\text{red 40}} = 0.0000138 \, \text{mol/L} \text{ (15.34%)}\]
For blue 1:
\[\varepsilon_{\text{blue 1}} = 2.215 \times 10^4 \, \text{L/mol}\cdot \text{cm}\]
\[c_{\text{blue 1}} = 0.0000028 \, \text{mol/L} \text{ (14.12%)}\]
These calculated concentrations indicate the amount of red 40 and blue 1 present in the Gatorade. To replicate the color of the original beverage, a solution was prepared with 15.34% red 40, 14.12% blue 1, and 70.54% DI water. This solution was tested in the spectrometer alongside the Gatorade sample.
The margin of error in replicating the Gatorade's color was found to be within the acceptable 20% range. This suggests that the designed solution closely matches the original beverage in terms of color and dye concentration.
In conclusion, this experiment successfully identified the food dyes present in Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush as red 40 and blue 1. The concentrations of these dyes were determined using Beer's Law, with red 40 at 0.0000138 mol/L (15.34%) and blue 1 at 0.0000028 mol/L (14.12%). A solution was then prepared to replicate the beverage's color within a 20% margin of error, and this goal was achieved. The results of this experiment provide valuable information about the composition of Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush, which can be useful for quality control and labeling purposes.
Based on the findings of this experiment, it is recommended that the manufacturer of Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush accurately label the presence of red 40 and blue 1 on the product packaging to inform consumers with dietary restrictions or allergies. Additionally, regular quality control checks should be conducted to ensure that the dye concentrations remain consistent over time, maintaining the product's color and taste as expected by consumers.
Lab Report: Determination of Food Dyes in Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush. (2016, May 07). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/food-dye-lab-essay
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