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The aim of this experiment is to determine the concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution.
Hydrochloric acid in laboratory grade is not pure enough to be used as a primary standard. Thus, it must be standardized with a primary standard solution after the hydrochloric acid solution is prepared to correctly determine its concentration.
In this activity, an unknown concentration solution of hydrochloric acid is standardized against a known concentration solution of sodium carbonate by using the titration method. A 'standard solution' is one with an accurate and stable concentration.
Here, the solution of sodium carbonate has been used as the standard solution. The reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate is represented by the following equation:
2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Record the mass.
Record the initial reading.
Burette Reading | I | II | III |
---|---|---|---|
Initial reading (cm3) | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
Final reading (cm3) | 23.40 | 23.40 | 23.50 |
Titre value (ml) | 23.20 | 23.00 | 23.00 |
Average of 3 titres: 23.06cm3
Mass of Na2CO3 = 1.3g
Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 2(23.0) + 12 + 3(16) = 106
Concentration of Na2CO3 = 1.3g / 106g/mol = 0.01226 M
Volume = 0.27 dm3
C = n/V = 0.012 / 0.27 = 0.044 mol dm-3
Number of moles of Na2CO3 = 0.012 moles
HCl : Na2CO3 = 2 : 1
(0.012/1) x 2 : 0.012
0.024 : 0.012
Therefore, the number of moles of HCl is 0.024.
Volume = 0.024 x 22.4 = 0.5376 dm3
Concentration = n/V = 0.024 / 0.5376 = 0.045 mol dm-3
1. Misreading the markings on the burette can lead to errors in reading and the results.
2. Concentration errors, which can affect the accuracy of the measurements, may occur if the solution is prepared incorrectly.
In volumetric analysis, the titration method is essential and can assist in determining an unknown concentration. In this experiment, sodium carbonate served as the unknown concentration, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid was determined to be 0.045 mol dm-3. The use of methyl orange as an indicator was suitable for this experiment as it changes color close to the reaction equivalence point. The results obtained are acceptable and fulfill the experiment's objective.
Lab Report: Standardization of HCl Solution. (2024, Jan 03). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/lab-report-standardization-of-hcl-solution
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