Science and materials in construction and the built in environment

P1) Describe the standard aspects in basic clinical terms that affects human convenience in the internal environment - Air temperature-- Heat too hot too cold
- Lighting-- Too dim inadequate daytime
- Noise-- Discomfort of hearing
- Air quality-- Too stuffy, ventilation

P2) Explain how each element is determined

- Air temperature-- Celsius Appropriate level 33 C.
- Lighting-- Lux Appropriate level 100 (lx) Colour performance (80 lx is considered appropriate for residential applications) .
- Sound-- Db Appropriate level 65 Db.
- Air quality-- Humidity is measured in terms of relative and is expressed in a portion of 100%, Appropriate level 50% (for comfort Relative Humidity 40 to 70 %).

P3) Describe acceptable worths for each element.
Sketch on different paper.

M1) Produce plainly worked, precise responses for three different estimations associating with human convenience in internal environment Response on different paper.

D1) Analyse, in qualities, terms, the basic factors that affect human convenience Influence on style of structures:.
- Solar heat gain.
- Heat loss.
- Ventilation.
- Too bright.

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- Glare.
- Cleansing and upkeep.
- Privacy.
An older structure can be upgraded if structurally viable to minimise the problems such as:.
- Poor natural light.
- Reliance on artificial light.
- Poor ventilation.
- Difficult to preserve heat.
- Little or no sound style considerations.
There are 4 physical factors that impact the thermal convenience.
- Air temperature level.
- Mean glowing temperature.
- Air motion.
- Humidity.
HEAT (H) is a kind of energy, the SI unit is Joule (J) Joule is utilized for determining any other form of energy.

Other units of energy still discovered in usage include: calorie, where 1 cal = 4.187 J (measure of primary heat content of a fuel in joules per kg or m ³) Kilowatt hour, where 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.

BTU - British Thermal System, where 1 BTU = 1.055 kJ.
Air temperature level.
The temperature of the air surrounding a resident of a space.. The air temperature effects the rate at which the body losses heat Below 33 deg C the body will lose heat
Above 33 deg C the body will gain heat
Comfort will depend on the individual, the amount and type of clothing and their own Thermoregloratory System

Air Humidity
The amount of invisible water vapor in the air.
Humidity effects the rate at which the body losses heat.
For comfort Relative Humidity 40 to 70 %
Total Saturation 100%

Air speed
Ventilation will create air movement and will affect the air temperature, the radiant temperature and the relative humidity within a room. In winter can be perceived as a cold draught
In summer we can increase the air movement by the use of cooling fans

Day light factors
Inside buildings the light level depends on the daylight luminance outside which can vary from minute to minute. It is impossible to recommend a value of daylight luminance of a room and is therefore taken as a percentage of the luminance outside. This is known as the daylight factor and remains constant. In terms of human comfort it is considered that where insufficient light levels are provided in buildings this will result in lower efficiency of task activity and health safety and welfare issues. However lower light levels or mood lighting may also provide health benefits in promoting relaxation. Colour temperature also plays an important part in activity efficiency which will help to provide the right internal ambiance. ie neutral colours in school classrooms or Russian cockpit green

Free water vapour condensation on cold surfaces can lead to dampness and decay of building materials Insulation that becomes wet through condensation will be less effective Buildings must be designed to take into account the resistance to condensation in their construction.