Inclusive learning

Learning is an activity that demands a lot of dedication and passion. Some factors can disturb the process or make it harder for the philonoist to attain much information and so an adjustment may be due. There are many factors which can be responsible for this, but they come down to two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic barriers.

Extrinsic barriers

Extrinsic barriers are factors are factors outside of the learners but that can have negative effects or cause difficulties to them learning.

There is diverse type of learners and these factors may limit them from acquiring maximum or enough knowledge. There is a lot of extrinsic barriers to learning. Learners are not to blame for these barriers as they are not in their control. These barriers can be found in different contexts, from home to school context. These barriers may include family problems like death, violence and divorce. It may be difficult for a learner to pay full attention in class when there is a crisis at home.

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These circumstances may inflict stress and anxiety on the learner of which are not good for learning. The barriers at school context may include overcrowding learners in desks, a language other than the home language being used for teaching and learning and school security problems. Learning requires a lot of things to be right. Overcrowding of learners in desks may cause discomfort on the learners. Also, overcrowding may lead to chaos in class during the process of learning and teaching. Learners since birth are introduced to a particular language (home language) of which they become fluent with as they grow up.

It is hard for them to familiarize themselves with another language other than that they know, especially when the home language is barely used or isn't used at all. People think using their home language to make sense of what is happening and there may be difficulties for the learners to translate what they thought in another language. School security is another important factor. Learners may feel unsafe in a school that is less secure it may lead to them being fearful all the times and not pay full attention to learning.

Intrinsic barriers

These barriers have to do with conditions within the learner. They include medical conditions and disabilities. These barriers may result from accidents, birth complications and illness. Physical impairments, neurological conditions, sensory impairments and cognitive disabilities are examples of intrinsic barriers to learning (Nel, Nel & Hugo, 2016). Learners with these conditions and disabilities may need more care and attention to succeed in learning. Physical impairments, for example may cause discomfort or prevent the learner from taking part in particular activities. Cognitive disabilities may challenge the learners having them and may cause difficulties in the attainment of enough knowledge. These problems may make the learners feel different and blame themselves. Learners with cognitive difficulties, for example may feel left out if the teacher is not paying more attention to them. Experiencing or encountering these problems may cause the learners to experience emotional breakdown. These factors may be more critical, and some require more attention than others. Some change may need to occur and if it is done right, the learners can catch up.