The Impact of Recent Software and Technologies on Power Flow and Fault Calculation in Power Systems

Abstract

A power system is a network of electrical components used to transmit, provide and use electrical energy. An example of a power system provides energy to houses and industry in a region. Complexity and Non-linearity of the supply system, manual calculations can be very complex in some of them. Situations, especially when the number of buses or tickets is very important. Here's the paper Software convergence, time saving and accuracy. 'Power supply system. Simulator 'focuses on three main concepts in the analysis of the energy system' energy flow calculation, 'Calculation of errors' and 'Calculation of economic distribution'.

Introduction

There are two types of simulation analysis for power systems: commercial and educational programs. There are many commercial applications on the market (Power World Simulator, Power Simulator ). These tools provide cost-effective computing software for analysis. However, this is not enough for research and educational intentions. This is a drawback because they do not allow to modify algorithms or add new models. Flexibility and ease of research and learning goals are more important than calculations.

Get quality help now

Marrie pro writer

Verified writer

Proficient in: Science

5 (204)

“ She followed all my directions. It was really easy to contact her and respond very fast as well. ”

+84 relevant experts are online

Hire writer

Thanks to its varied educational and research capabilities, MATLAB has become one of the main factors of influence and relevant programs in many scientific fields, in particular in energy systems.

This section describes a new suite of analytics tools for MATLAB power systems that take advantage of its capabilities. Explore MATLAB, error calculation, power flows and economic conditions in numerical calculations sending a specific grid. This tool was designed to help students and research. She was also included in the curriculum for students from the Lebanese International University.

Since then, students have been accepted shows that these concepts are better understood. In addition, they managed to develop their funds improvement of knowledge and thinking.

Power System Analysis Methods

The electrical system, especially if you have a large number of nonlinear equations and tires, is sometimes difficult to analyze for some time with manual calculations. A man can handle a small number of buses, and if the number of buses is high, manual calculations are very complicated. The Newton-Ruffson method in computer software can solve a very short time on the bus and pass the final resolution of 100,000 or 150,000, yielding a certain level of tolerance for more accurate results. for unbalanced defects, sequence and phase voltage and current, depending on the type of error calculation, but the software will calculate these values for several milliseconds and very accurately. Finally, for the economic distribution, the value of the increased value and the developed forces will change, as the amount of demand changes. Thus, the software performs more calculations as charging changes.

We have prepared a MATLAB instrument that performs a variety of tasks in many power systems, the method comprising:

• linear - homopolar, interband and double defects - to asymmetric ground, including failure analysis;
• Newton Raphson;
• economic departure.

Analysis of symmetric errors

There is a three-phase system of power supply depending on the occurrence of short circuits: one line of grounding, grounding and a double line of defects of three balanced phases. Defective current circuit, called short-circuit impedance bolts, can have zero or non-zero impedance. If an unbalanced malfunction occurs in a balanced system, the sorting network is only connected to the malfunction (fig. 1). Therefore, the calculation of fault currents is greatly facilitated by the use of networked networks. Schematic representation of asymmetric error. As with symmetric three-phase errors, asymmetric errors have two components in common lesions: AC or symmetric [1, 2], including transient currents, transient and steady states, and DC components.

Analysis of imbalanced dysfunctions

Main electrical system types - a line line (SLG) and linear line (LL). In addition, other types of fault, such as DLG, open Explorer and balanced three-phase, can be discovered. The definition of an asymmetric system is measured using the symmetric component concept.

An unbalanced fault will affect network compensation in the damaged area. Therefore, the network sequence must be combined with the fault type. A detailed calculation of these relationships will be discussed in this chapter.

The voltage at terminal 'A' can be converted to the following sequence of components:

Va = Va0 + Va ++ Va-E1

Ia0 = Va3Zf = Va0 + Va ++ Va - 3ZfE2

Line‐to‐line (LL) faults

The second most common fault is line‐to‐line, which occurs when two of the conductors come in contact with each other.

Va+=Va−+Ia+ZfE3

To satisfy: Ia−=−Ia+,Va+=Va−+Ia+Zf,Ia0=0, the positive and negative sequence networks must be connected in parallel.

The question shall be the number of their assessment of the strength of its flow, non-linear nature of which can be expressed by the equation:. These are they who in the mouth of the sword, as well as the right of Bibliotheca scriptorum's network voltage. The problem of fixing the power flow through the tire according to four variables 'i' (network node).

Stress formula given power flow equations:

Pi = = = n 1N | YinViVn | if (θin δn + - δi) E5

1N -Σn = q = | YinViVn | sin (θin δn + - δi) E6

Required for each line of the given numerical values of a series impedance tolerance to the total burden of z and y, so that the computer can identify all elements of the tire from the first male entered N × N, which is a typical element of Iyidzi

Yij = | yij | θij = | yij | Cosθij + j |

At any given system bus voltage;

| | force | = | force | δi = | force | (+ Cosδi jsinδi) E8

The current I can be supplied to the bus Net, that it is from,

Yi1V1 n = + + ... + Yi2V2 YiNVN

The world turns out to be very soft football 1

Pi = PGI PdiE10 schedule;

Where PGI - the bus will come with power and Hamnet the generated power is required.

The value is set under the weight;

ΔPi P, Schend - Pi calc.E11

Again, the reactive power at the bus i;

ΔQi = qi, qi schedule Vol. E12

Bus type Number of buses Quantities specified Number of available equations Number of δi, |Vi| state variables

Slack (i = 1) 1 δi, |Vi| 0 0

PV (i = 2,…, Ng + 1) Ng Pi, |Vi| Ng Ng

PQ (i = Ng + 2,…,N) N‐Ng‐1 Pi, Qi 2(N‐Ng‐1) 2(N‐Ng‐1)

Totals N 2N 2N‐Ng‐2 2N‐Ng‐2

Newton Rafson's method of applying the equation solution for the flow, we describe the tire line voltage and input as recommended in the following way:

Pi = | 5. | In 2Gii n1 + = En ii | ViVnYin | if (Apin, & Dgr; I) + Ap E13

Q i = - | 5. | In 2Bii n1 + = En ii | ViVnYin | sin ()in, & Dgr; I Ap +) E14

DG value of the prediction (0) and | 5. | (0) For state variables.

You use and calculate the forecast, part I, limy. (0) and, Calc. (0) and (5) and (6).

Difference with 12Pi (0) and )Qi (0) (11) and (12).

Partial rise of the matrix elements of the Jacobi matrix.

The above equation was solved and the first fix was corrected in & Dgr; I (0) and 0 | 5. | (0) / | 5. | (0).

Add to preview view to get first check Dgr; I (1) = & Dgr; I (0) (i (0) E16

| | 5. | (1) = | 5. | (0) +) | 5. | (0) = | 5. | (0) (1 + D | 5 | (0) | 5 | (0)) E17

In the formulas of more general terms and updated values, starting with the state variables: Dgr; I (before + 1) = & Dgr; I (k) + (i (k) E18

| | 5. | (1 + K) = | 5. | (K) =) | 5. | (K) = | 5. | (K) (1 + D | 5 | (k) | 5 | (k)) E19

The implementation of the asymmetric error analysis in MATLAB is based on the following diagram:

• Detect null, positive and negative impedance matrices.
• Determine the previous voltage and the faulty impedance.
• Choose the type of malfunction.
• Calculate the input and impedance matrices of the power system.
• Calculate the sequence and voltage current of the selected error.
• Calculate voltages and phase currents for all tires or tires that are defective.
• Save all the results in a text file.

The power flow is estimated using the Newton-Raphson method. The application of this method is achieved by using a sufficient block diagram:

• Set the number of buses.
• Determine the resistance, tolerance and power characteristics of each tire.
• Assign the initial values of the variables.
• Find the defects and the Jacobian matrix.
• Find unknown variables.
• Check the accuracy of the calculation.
• Calculate the actual and imaginary power in each bus and in each row.
• Calculate real and imaginary power losses per bus and line.
• Save the streaming stream report to a text file.

Due to the complexity and depth of the analysis involved in power systems, the use of tables and figures is essential for illustrating concepts, methodologies, and results. For example, a table summarizing the number of equations and state variables in power flow problems, as well as figures depicting the flowcharts for the analysis of unsymmetrical faults, power flow, and economic dispatch, would provide valuable insights into the methodologies applied in the 'Power System Simulator'.

Conclusion

The advancements in software technologies have significantly enhanced the analysis and understanding of power systems, making it possible to handle complex calculations with improved accuracy and efficiency. The development of tools like the 'Power System Simulator' in MATLAB not only supports educational and research endeavors but also paves the way for further innovations in the field.