Lab Report: Validating Bernoulli’s Theorem

Categories: Physics

Abstract

The aim of this study is to test the practicality and legitimacy of Bernoulli's theorem, which describes the behavior of fluids in motion. We conducted experiments involving water flow in a round tapering pipe to determine the validity of the theorem. Through a review of existing literature and conducting our own experiments, we confirm the applicability of Bernoulli's theorem to fluid flow, with some minor variations attributable to measurement errors and environmental factors.

1. Introduction

The Bernoulli theorem, proposed by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738, is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in a fluid in motion.

This theorem is essential in various fields of science and engineering, and its practical application is of great importance. In this study, we aim to investigate the validity of Bernoulli's theorem by conducting experiments on water flow in a round tapering pipe.

Get quality help now
WriterBelle
WriterBelle
checked Verified writer

Proficient in: Physics

star star star star 4.7 (657)

“ Really polite, and a great writer! Task done as described and better, responded to all my questions promptly too! ”

avatar avatar avatar
+84 relevant experts are online
Hire writer

1.1 Objective

The primary objective of this experiment is to affirm the validity of Bernoulli's theorem when applied to water flow in a round tapering pipe. We aim to determine whether the pressure, velocity, and elevation of the fluid remain consistent in laminar flow conditions.

1.2 Literature Review

Several studies have investigated the application of Bernoulli's theorem in various scenarios. Narciso (2015) found differences between theoretical and real head values, suggesting the hypothesis is true, but variations may arise from system defects or calculation errors. Another study by N et al. (2014) confirmed the validity of Bernoulli's theorem through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research.

Martín Eduardo Saleta (2004) emphasized the importance of Bernoulli's equation with losses in various scientific and engineering applications.

Get to Know The Price Estimate For Your Paper
Topic
Number of pages
Email Invalid email

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

"You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy"
Write my paper

You won’t be charged yet!

The study we present aims to provide a simple and cost-effective approach to analyzing fluid drainage using the Bernoulli equation.

2. Equipment

  • Stopwatch
  • Hydraulic bench
  • Bernoulli’s theorem demonstration apparatus

3. Methodology

The experiment involved the following steps:

  1. Purge the system of air by allowing air to run through the apparatus.
  2. Adjust the valve opening to various flow rates to collect data for laminar, development, and turbulent flow conditions.
  3. Fill the beaker with water and record the time taken for the beaker to fill.
  4. Measure the readings for both the manometer and the sensor manometer for different flow behaviors.
  5. Record the distance from the end of the parallel location for each flow condition.

4. Equations

Several equations were used in the experiment:

  • Area (mm2)
  • Calculating Velocity head (mm/sec)
  • Calculating total head (mm)
  • Calculating Velocity (mm/sec)
  • Static head (mm)
  • Total Head

5. Results

OBSERVATION NO VOLUME (L) TIME (SECONDS) FLOW RATE (L/sec) FLOW RATE (mm3/sec) AVERAGE DISCHARGE (mm3/sec)
1 3 35.15 0.085 85348.5 86095.55
2 3 34.83 0.086 86132.6 86095.55
3 3 34.56 0.087 86805.5 86095.55
OBS.NO TABLE NO DIAMETER (mm) AREA OF C/S (mm2) Man. level (mm) PROBE LEVEL (mm) PROBE DST (mm)
1 a 25 490.9 165 166 141.54
2 b 13.9 151.7 148 166 81.26
3 c 11.8 109.4 132 165 72.86
4 d 10.7 89.9 114 165 68.36
5 e 10 78.5 90 164 60.46
6 f 25 490.9 101 143 0.0
TUBE NO STATIC HEAD (mm) VELOCITY (mm/sec) EL. HEAD (mm) EL. HEAD (measured) (mm) VELOCITY (CALCULATED) mm/sec TOTAL HEAD (MEASURED mm) TOTAL HEAD (CALCULATED)
a 165 175.7 1.57 1 140.1 166 9.4 x 10-3
b 148 567.5 16.4 18 594.3 166 0.026
c 132 786.9 31.56 33 804.6 165 0.040
d 114 957.68 46.74 51 1000 165 0.057
e 90 109.67 61.22 74 1204.9 164 0.079
f 101 175.38 1.57 42 207.76 143 0.047

6. Discussion

The results of this experiment support the validity of Bernoulli's theorem in describing the behavior of fluid in a circular duct, particularly when friction is negligible. The pressure head and velocity head calculations show consistency, indicating that the hypothesis is accurate. However, small measurement errors and environmental factors may have influenced the results, leading to minor variations.

7. Conclusion

In conclusion, this experiment affirms the accuracy of Bernoulli's theorem when applied to fluid flow. Although slight discrepancies between actual and theoretical values may exist, they are primarily attributable to human errors and environmental influences. Overall, the experiment demonstrates that Bernoulli's hypothesis is valid under the given conditions.

8. References

    1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/131472020/Fluid-Lab-2-Bernoulli-Exp
    2. https://www.academia.edu/19588689/Bernoullis_equation_lab_report
    3. https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/hydraulics-lab/experimental-verification-bernoullis-theorem/29663/
    4. M, E. S., S, G. & D, T., 2005. Experimental study of Bernoulli's equation with, Sat Lake City: Amercian Journal of Physics.
Updated: Sep 26, 2024
Cite this page

Lab Report: Validating Bernoulli’s Theorem. (2024, Jan 04). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/lab-report-validating-bernoulli-s-theorem

Live chat  with support 24/7

👋 Hi! I’m your smart assistant Amy!

Don’t know where to start? Type your requirements and I’ll connect you to an academic expert within 3 minutes.

get help with your assignment