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As you may or may not know the stomach, as part of the digestive system, breaks down nutrients or prepares nutrients for further digestion in the small intestine. This is accomplished by hydrochloric acid in gastric juices. The pH of HCL is approximately 2, the optimum pH for metabolic processes which occur in the stomach. The hydrochloric acid breaks down for an example carbohydrates by breaking glycosidic linkages. This means that the glycosidic bonds within polysaccharides are broken causing the polysaccharide to break into monosaccharides such as glucose, lactose or maltose.
When the acid concentration of gastric juices is too high, and hence below the optimal pH for digestion, this acidity can cause an upset stomach, indigestion as well as acid reflux. Acid reflux is when chyme, due to excess acid in gastric juices the stomach travels up the esophageal tract which can cause pain and discomfort.
Acid reflux is treated by a variety of antacids which relieve the symptoms by neutralizing the stomach acid.
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Sodium hydroxide, for example, reacts with hydrochloric acid creating sodium chloride as well as water. Antacids neutralize stomach acids by containing alkaline ions of basic compounds which react with the stomach acid in a neutralization reaction. The objective of this investigation is to test to what extent different antacids neutralize hydrochloric acid as a proxy for gastric juices.
This will be achieved by inducing a neutralization reaction between different antacids and hydrochloric acid, determining the pH with a pH probe before and after the reaction, HCL(aq) +base(s)------>water+ salt.
This is to deduce experimentally, which antacid works best. This is relevant especially for me as I suffer from frequent episodes of acid reflux. In this investigation, I predict that sodium hydroxide will perform the best. This is because sodium hydroxide is the “pancreatogenic antacid”, meaning that it is the base which is released from the pancreas in order to mediate gastric juice acidity.
Research question: to what extent do different antacids neutralize hydrochloric acid solution, as a proxy for gastric juices, when compared to sodium hydroxide.
If the neutralization reaction yields the same pH across all trials, then another way to determine the efficacy of the different antacids is to determine how many ml of HCL is required to bring the pH of the dissolved antacid back down to 2.
The experiment produced both qualitative and quantitative data regarding the antacids' effectiveness. Observational data highlighted characteristics such as antacid state, color, and reactions during neutralization, including bubbling and odor emission. Quantitative data focused on the mass of antacid used, concentration of hydrochloric acid neutralized, and pH levels before and after neutralization. The tables below summarize these findings.
Table 1: Raw Quantitative Data
| Antacid | Trial | Mass (g) | Concentration of HCl (M) | Grams HCl Neutralized | Mol HCl Neutralized | Grams Neutralized/Grams of Tablet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novaculol | 1-5 | 1.00 | 1 M | 0.449-0.623 | 0.0097-0.017 | 0.449-0.623/1g |
| Omeprazole | 1-5 | 1.00 | 1 M | 0.435-0.574 | 0.0113-0.0157 | 0.435-0.574/1g |
| Pepsid | 1-5 | 1.00 | 1 M | 0.141-0.376 | 0.00387-0.01035 | 0.141-0.376/1g |
Table 2: Processed Quantitative Data
| Measurement | Novaculol | Omeprazole | Pepsid |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mass (g) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Concentration of HCl | 1 M | 1 M | 1 M |
| Volume of HCl (ml) | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Grams HCl Neutralized (averages) | 0.4992 | 0.5086 | 0.2846 |
| Mol HCl Neutralized (averages) | 0.01354 | 0.01418 | 0.00597 |
| Grams Neutralized/Grams of Tablet (averages) | 0.4992/1g | 0.5086/1g | 0.2846/1g |
The investigation revealed variations in the neutralization efficacy of different antacids against hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide, as hypothesized, demonstrated significant neutralizing capacity, aligning with its role as a pancreatogenic antacid. The findings underscore the importance of understanding antacid compositions and their reactions with stomach acid, providing valuable insights for individuals experiencing acid reflux and related conditions.
The experiment adhered to strict safety protocols, including the use of protective gear and proper disposal of chemicals. Observational data underscored the need for caution due to potential bubbling and odors during the neutralization process.
This comprehensive analysis, incorporating both qualitative observations and quantitative measurements, offers a nuanced understanding of antacid performance, guiding effective treatment choices for acid reflux.
Evaluation of Antacid Effectiveness in Acid Neutralization. (2024, Feb 16). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/evaluation-of-antacid-effectiveness-in-acid-neutralization
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