The Dewey Decimal Classification: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), also known as the Dewey Decimal System, is a renowned library classification system devised by Melvil Dewey in 1876. Over the years, it has undergone 23 major editions, with the most recent one published in 2011. Melvil Dewey, the system's creator, oversaw all revisions until his passing in 1931. Each edition is identified by a designation number, such as Dewey 16 for the 16th edition. This classification system serves the crucial purpose of precisely locating and organizing books within library collections, facilitating easy retrieval and return to their designated shelves.

The DDC is employed in a staggering 200,000 libraries across at least 135 countries, underscoring its global significance and widespread adoption.

Structure of the Dewey Decimal Classification

The Dewey Decimal Classification is characterized by its hierarchical structure, comprising ten primary classes, each further subdivided into ten divisions, and each division housing ten sections. It is important to note that while there are theoretically 100 divisions and 1,000 sections, not all are currently in use or have been assigned.

Get quality help now

Writer Lyla

Verified writer

Proficient in: Classification

5 (876)

“ Have been using her for a while and please believe when I tell you, she never fail. Thanks Writer Lyla you are indeed awesome ”

+84 relevant experts are online

Hire writer

This hierarchical approach allows for the systematic organization of diverse subject matter, creating a logical framework for cataloging library materials.

In addition to its hierarchical nature, the DDC incorporates facets of a faceted classification scheme. This means that it combines elements from different parts of its structure to construct a unique number that represents both the subject content and the format of an item. This combination often includes linking numbers, geographical elements, and temporal elements. For instance, the number 330 might represent economics, followed by .9 for geographic treatment, and .

04 for Europe, resulting in the classification 330.94 for the European economy. Similarly, 973 might indicate the United States, with .05 signifying the form division for periodicals, resulting in 973.05 for periodicals concerning the United States in general.

When cataloging books using the Dewey Decimal Classification, they are arranged in ascending numerical order. In cases where multiple books share the same classification number, the system further subdivides the class alphabetically. This sub-division is typically achieved through the use of a call number, which may consist of the first letter or letters of the author's last name, or the title if there is no identifiable author.

Application and Adaptations

One notable feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification is its universality—it accommodates all types of books, including fiction. While the system provides a robust framework for organizing non-fiction materials, most libraries establish a separate fiction section to facilitate a more user-friendly and generalized shelving approach. This decision may stem from the desire to avoid excessive crowding in the 800s or simply to enable readers to locate preferred authors in alphabetical order of their surnames. Certain aspects of the classification offer flexibility to cater to the unique needs of different types of libraries.

One of the system's significant advantages is its capability to assign multiple class numbers to a single bibliographic item, while only utilizing one of them for shelving purposes. This is particularly useful for libraries that wish to provide comprehensive access to resources without overcrowding their shelves. While this practice may not be common in North America, it is employed in various parts of the world.

To fully harness the benefits of the Dewey Decimal Classification, users must also consult the relative index and tables that are integral components of every edition. The schedules within the classification are designed in a way that subjects found together in a dictionary catalog are dispersed throughout the Dewey schedules. For example, the architecture of Chicago is treated separately from the geography of Chicago within the classification, reflecting the system's unique organizational logic.

Conclusion

The Dewey Decimal Classification stands as a testament to Melvil Dewey's enduring legacy in the field of library science. Its hierarchical structure, combined with facets of faceted classification, provides an effective means of organizing and retrieving a wide array of library materials. Despite the growth and diversification of library collections, the DDC has adapted over the years, ensuring its continued relevance and utility in modern library settings.

While libraries often create separate sections for fiction and employ variations to suit their specific needs, the Dewey Decimal Classification remains a foundational system for the organization of non-fiction materials. Its universal applicability and ability to assign multiple class numbers contribute to its adaptability across different library types and sizes.

In summary, the Dewey Decimal Classification has played an indispensable role in the organization and accessibility of knowledge within library collections. Its enduring presence in libraries worldwide attests to its enduring value as a tool for information organization and retrieval.