Good Versus Evil in Toni Morrison's "Sula"

Toni Morrison's novel "Sula" serves as a profound exploration of the perennial dichotomy between good and evil. The narrative intricately weaves through the lives of its characters, particularly Nel and Sula, challenging established societal norms and perceptions of morality. As Deborah E. McDowell observes, the novel transcends simplistic oppositions, inviting readers to navigate the complex nuances of morality (McDowell 82).

Characterization of Nel and Sula

The narrative commences by introducing the central characters, Nel and Sula, whose lives encapsulate the contrasting facets of goodness and potential evil.

Nel, initially portrayed as a small-town conservative, conceals herself behind a veneer of innocence, adhering to societal expectations of virtue. Conversely, Sula emerges as a bold city girl, unapologetically independent and forthright, challenging the established norms of morality. Morrison strategically employs these characters as conduits for a deeper exploration of societal expectations and individual choices.

Setting and Social Context

"Sula" unfolds against the backdrop of the tumultuous years from 1919 to 1940, a period marked by societal promises to freed slaves colliding with the harsh reality of life in "The Bottom" in Medallion, Ohio.

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The disparity between assurances made by white landowners and the struggles faced by freed slaves forms the socio-economic canvas upon which Morrison paints her characters. This contextual setting becomes crucial in unraveling the complexities of morality and societal expectations.

Comparison of Nel's and Sula's Families

The pronounced differences in the familial structures of Nel and Sula contribute significantly to Morrison's exploration of good and evil. Nel's family epitomizes conformity to social conventions, attending church regularly and maintaining a stable, traditional household that aligns with societal perceptions of goodness.

In stark contrast, Sula's home, with her unconventional grandmother and mother Hannah, challenges societal norms, positioning them as nontraditional and potentially subverting established notions of morality.

The Tragic Incident and Its Consequences

The trajectory of the narrative takes a crucial turn with a tragic incident involving Chicken Little, becoming a catalyst for the characters' divergent paths. Sula's seemingly remorseless actions during this incident prompt questions about her moral compass, while Nel's calm demeanor in the aftermath hints at underlying complexities. This pivotal event becomes a lens through which Morrison explores the intricate shades of good and evil that reside within each character.

Character Development Over Time

As the narrative unfolds, Nel and Sula embark on distinct journeys of self-discovery, revealing the evolution of their characters over time. Nel conforms to societal expectations, embracing marriage and motherhood, aligning herself with the archetype of the all-American virtuous woman. In contrast, Sula leads an independent life, challenging societal expectations and paving the way for Morrison to depict the evolving dynamics of good and evil over the course of their lives.

Societal Perception of Good and Evil

Society perceives Nel as the embodiment of goodness, adhering to traditional roles and norms that define the virtuous woman. Conversely, Sula faces societal condemnation for her independence and perceived moral transgressions. Sula's return with a plague of robins becomes a symbolic manifestation of the town's collective judgment, illustrating the societal lens through which good and evil are perceived.

Sexuality and Societal Norms

Morrison delves into the complex interplay between sexuality and societal norms, further challenging the dichotomy of good and evil. Sula's liberated expression of her sexuality starkly contrasts with Nel's adherence to societal expectations. Sula's relationships, including an adulterous affair with Nel's husband, become points of moral scrutiny, highlighting the societal norms that dictate perceptions of good and evil.

Sula's Blame and Contribution to the Community

Sula becomes a scapegoat for various misfortunes in the community, reinforcing her perceived evilness. However, Morrison subtly suggests that Sula's presence brings positive changes to the community, challenging the traditional view of evil. Sula's unconventional nature, although initially condemned, ultimately contributes to the community in ways unseen by its members, unraveling the intricate threads of morality.

Nel's Judgment and Sula's Love Life

Nel's judgment towards Sula mirrors the societal norms prevalent in "The Bottom," reflecting the town's collective perception of morality. Sula's love life, marked by unconventional relationships and the pursuit of freedom, challenges the town's narrow definitions of goodness. Sula's relationship with Ajax, in particular, becomes a poignant exploration of societal expectations regarding love and conformity, adding layers to the overarching theme.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Sula" stands as a compelling exploration of the nuanced interplay between good and evil. Morrison, with masterful storytelling, crafts characters like Nel and Sula to challenge societal norms and prompt readers to question established beliefs. The novel encourages a reevaluation of traditional notions of goodness and evilness, offering a rich tapestry of characters whose lives defy easy categorization. Through its exploration of morality, "Sula" remains a timeless literary work that invites readers to navigate the complexities of human nature.