Projectile Motion: Unveiling the Secrets of Flight

The purpose of this lab was to unravel the mysteries of projectile motion by defining the initial velocity of a ball launched from a pipe. Subsequently, our objective was to pinpoint the angle that would propel the ball to its maximum range. Finally, we aimed to predict and confirm the range when launching the ball at a specific angle.

The Dynamics of Projectile Motion

According to Dr. James S. Walker, projectile motion is delineated as "the motion of objects that are initially launched – or 'projected' – and that then continue moving under the influence of gravity alone" (82).

Gravity emerges as the sole force orchestrating the trajectory of the projectile. The velocity vector comprises two components: the horizontal component influencing horizontal movement, and the vertical component steering the projectile vertically.

The Lab Odyssey

To initiate the experiment, the launcher was set to a medium range setting. Employing carbon paper on white paper, we meticulously recorded the ball's landing positions for angles of 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 degrees.

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Notably, the analysis revealed that a launch angle of 40 degrees produced the maximum range. With the launcher steadfast at a medium setting, we executed five straight shots to determine the average range at this optimum angle, establishing the initial velocity at 4.627 m/s. Additionally, an independent angle of 22 degrees was chosen, and predictions foresaw a range of 2.57 meters. Following five shots at this angle, the observed average range was 3.03 meters.

Decoding Initial Velocity

After conducting five straight shots, the average range, our delta x value, was determined to be 2.

2794 meters. Simultaneously, the vertical distance the ball fell, our delta y value, was measured at 1.19 meters. Plugging these values into the equation:

Vx = 4.627 m/s

We deduced that the initial velocity equaled 4.627 m/s.

Range at Angle Theta

Analysis: Armed with the knowledge of the initial velocity, applicable to all trials, we delved into the intricacies of our experiment. The percent deviation stood at 15%, suggesting a degree of accuracy. Doubling the velocity, we recognized, quadruples the range, while elevating the lab stool height by twofold increases the range by approximately 50%.

Drawing the Trajectory to a Conclusion

In the realm of lab 4, our foray into projectile motion unveiled the dynamics of objects set into motion by force, whether by hand or machine. The data gathered enabled us to forecast an average range for a self-selected angle, and surprisingly, our predictions closely mirrored reality. However, the interplay of air resistance, percent error, and the precision of measurements looms large as factors that may have influenced the discrepancies in our range predictions.

As we launch our reflections into the skies of scientific exploration, the echoes of projectile motion resonate, leaving us with a tapestry of insights and a thirst for further experimentation.