Perspectives Of Globalisation in Policy

Globalisation changes the traditional ways of thinking and transforms world politics. It is said that state-centric concept has been most affected by globalisation. By definition “The processes through which sovereign nation-states are criss-crossed and undermined by transnational actors with varying prospects of power, orientations, identities and networks” (Beck 2000). To identify what globalisation really is we need to get a deeper view of it, the dominant feature of globalisation is that geographical distance is least relevant and that territorial borders, such as provinces, are becoming less important.

It focuses on the broadening of the political process in terms of making local, national and global events to regularly interact.

Perspectives of Globalisation

There are different perspectives of globalisation;

• Hyperglobalists
• Transformationalists
• Sceptics.

Hyperglobalists literally means “The view that new, globalized economic and cultural patterns became inevitable once technology such as computerized financial trading, satellite communications, mobile phones and the Internet became widely available.” (Andrew Heywood)

Hyperglobalists firmly believe in globalization. Hyperglobalism portrays globalization as revolutionary fragments of economic, traditional, technological and political modifications that have improved since the 1980s.

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The focus although is found to be on developments in the field of information and communication, such as the digital revolution. Also, the emergence of global financial system like the International Monetary Fund or the European Central Bank and the rise of global commodities. For instance, many international firms have spread their products making them easily accessible anywhere in the world.

Hyperglobalism in a nut shell promotes a borderless world where the nation states are dominated by transnational forces.

“Multinational companies have fundamental influence on the economy and represent natural response to the "borderless" economy that is characterized by homogenous consumer tastes. These companies crowd out national models of economy as relevant units of economic activity (Ohmae, 1990).”

Nevertheless, hyperglobalism shows an over exaggerated view of globalisation. Firstly, it does not consider the impact it would have on the values, perceptions and ideologies of a country. Secondly, it underestimates the sovereignty of a country. They are interested in pooling their sovereignty by getting involved with international organisations such as regional training blocs and the WTO. Lastly, the rise of global terrorism and migration statistics has re-emphasised the significance of the state in safeguarding domestic security and in protecting national/ territorial borders.

The Sceptics emphasize on globalization being a fantasy in terms of the significant role of played by the national economies and promotes cross border activities, though dismissing the idea of a cohesive global economy.

However, the globalisation thesis has some advantages; First, it reveals certain facts, such as the shift towards better flexibility and weaker trade unions and public expenditure control particularly, welfare spending. Second, it advocates that these shifts are not linked to an agent such as large scale cooperation, whose benefits might be seen to be served by globalizing tendencies. The mobility of goods, capital, individuals and ideas is better than before and this has inevitable consequences for economic, cultural and political life.