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The primary objective of this laboratory experiment is to synthesize potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O), commonly known as alum, using aluminum foil and a series of chemical reagents. This process entails a sequence of chemical reactions carefully designed to illustrate fundamental principles of inorganic chemistry, particularly focusing on stoichiometry, precipitation, and crystallization.
Stoichiometry plays a pivotal role in this experiment by ensuring that the reactants are combined in the correct proportions to yield the desired product. By understanding the stoichiometry of the reactions involved, students gain insight into the quantitative relationships between reactants and products, as dictated by balanced chemical equations.
Furthermore, the precipitation reaction involved in the synthesis of alum highlights the concept of selective precipitation, wherein specific ions are precipitated from solution while others remain dissolved.
This phenomenon underscores the importance of solubility rules and the formation of insoluble salts under appropriate conditions.
Crystallization, the final step in the synthesis process, is a crucial aspect that allows students to observe the formation of well-defined crystals of alum.
This phase transition from a supersaturated solution to a solid crystalline form elucidates principles of nucleation and crystal growth, providing students with practical experience in the purification and isolation of chemical compounds.
Overall, this laboratory experiment serves as a practical application of theoretical concepts taught in inorganic chemistry courses. By actively engaging in the synthesis of alum, students not only reinforce their understanding of chemical principles but also develop essential laboratory skills such as accurate measurement, proper handling of reagents, and meticulous observation of experimental outcomes.
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Mass of Aluminum Foil Mass of Aluminum Foil=Mass of Wax Paper and Aluminum Foil−Mass of Wax Paper
Mass of Aluminum Foil=1.19 g−0.39 g=0.80 g
Theoretical Yield of Alum (KAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O) Theoretical Yield=Mass of Aluminum Foil×1 mol Alum1 mol Al×1 mol Al26.982 g Al×474.338 g Alum1 mol Alum
Theoretical Yield=(0.80 g)×126.982×474.338=14.1 g Alum
Percent Yield Percent Yield=Actual YieldTheoretical Yield×100%
Percent Yield=7.82 g14.1 g×100%=55.4%
Synthesis of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate. (2024, Feb 24). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/synthesis-of-potassium-aluminum-sulfate-dodecahydrate
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