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This study focuses on the determination of water's density, a critical intensive physical characteristic of matter, by measuring its mass and volume using two distinct approaches. Our findings underscore that water's density approximates 0.997 g/mL at ambient conditions and remains unchanged across varying quantities. Additionally, linear regression analysis of mass versus volume data from both methodologies reinforces the direct proportionality between water's mass and volume.
Density, an essential physical attribute, quantifies the mass of a substance per unit volume.
For a specific entity, density is the quotient of mass over volume. Being an intensive property, density remains unaffected by the sample size. The literature, specifically the "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" (p.F4), cites water's density as 0.997 g/mL at standard room temperature. This experimental investigation aims to validate the aforementioned density value through empirical measurement of water's mass and volume. Furthermore, it seeks to affirm the direct correlation between the mass and volume of water.
The experimental design employed two distinct methodologies, each executed thrice, to quantify water's density:
The average density obtained from Method I was 0.986 g/mL, with a standard deviation between trials of 0.002 g/mL, indicating a 0.2% variation among trials.
The linear regression of mass against volume yielded a slope of 0.989 g/mL, with an R² value of 1, highlighting a direct and consistent correlation.
Table 1. 0, 25, 50, 75mL of water and their respective mass measured from Method I
| Volume (mL) | Mass (g) | Density (g/mL) | Deviation (g/mL) |
| 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 25.0 | 24.58 | 0.983 | 0.003 |
| 50.0 | 49.39 | 0.988 | 0.001 |
| 75.0 | 74.12 | 0.988 | 0.002 |
| Average Density (g/mL) | 0.986 | ||
| Average Deviation (g/mL) | 0.002 | ||
| Relative Average Deviation | 0.2% | ||
Similarly, Method II reported an average density of 0.984 g/mL, with a trial deviation of 0.002 g/mL and a 0.2% variation. The mass versus volume slope from this method was 0.983 g/mL, and the R² value remained perfect at 1.
Table 2. 0, 10, 20, 30mL of water and their respective mass measured from Method II
| Volume (mL) | Mass (g) | Density (g/mL) | Deviation (g/mL) |
| 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.000 | |
| 10.0 | 9.87 | 0.987 | 0.003 |
| 20.0 | 19.61 | 0.981 | 0.003 |
| 30.0 | 29.51 | 0.984 | 0.000 |
| Average Density (g/mL) | 0.984 | ||
| Average Deviation (g/mL) | 0.002 | ||
| Relative Average Deviation | 0.2% | ||
The linear relationship illustrated in the mass versus volume plots from both methods confirms that water's density remains constant across different volumes, affirming its property as an intensive physical characteristic. The experimental average density of water closely aligns with the theoretical value of 0.997 g/mL at 25°C, with a negligible percent error of 0.12%, validating the experimental approach's accuracy. Potential deviations from the theoretical density can be attributed to experimental limitations such as the adherence of water droplets to container walls and measurement inaccuracies.
The linear slopes and R² values of 1 from both methods' plots strongly support the hypothesis of a direct proportionality between water's mass and volume.
The experimental evidence firmly establishes that water's density is approximately 0.985 g/mL, validating the theoretical value and demonstrating its consistency regardless of the measured quantity. This investigation not only confirms the intrinsic density of water at room temperature but also the fundamental principle that water's mass is directly proportional to its volume.
Rewriting the Essay on Water Density Measurement. (2024, Feb 28). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/rewriting-the-essay-on-water-density-measurement
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