Optimizing Diet Program Monitoring with an Intelligent System

Introduction

Diet is often interpreted as an effort to lose weight by reducing food portions and limiting the type of food. This causes many to assume the diet only needs to be lived by overweight people who want to be thin. Diet in the real sense is a balanced nutritious diet to achieve many different goals, depending on each individual. While dietary behavior can be interpreted as an activity to deliberately limit the form of calorie nutrition, which is intended to get a thinner body shape [1].

The lack of knowledge and concern for nutritional balance in the body is the cause of the failure of the edit program. Existing applications are currently limited to applications for guidance on how to diet and how to calculate the calorie intake needed by the body only. Research on development of diet programs has been done. The first study was research from Mega [2].

This research produces an application that can monitor development of nutritional status digitally mobile by using anthropometric methods and can provide advice in accordance with development of nutritional status and age of infants and toddlers.

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This system uses the Anthropometry method. Anthropometric index used is body weight according to age, height by age and weight by height. The second study is research from FakhrunNisa'ulAzizah [3]. The application made is an application to calculate the ideal body weight, the number of calories your body needs and provide information about the nutritional content of food and increase the number of calories burned based on two types of sports activity choices namely walking and running.

The method used to calculate calorie requirements is the Harris Benedict method, while the calorie burner uses the exercise calorie formula. Application of a diet program based on sports activities can help and facilitate for users who want to do a diet program by providing information about weight control, nutritional intake of food and calories needed by the user's body.

Research on the development of obesity applications has been done. The first study was research from Mega [4]. This research produces an application that can monitor the development of nutritional status digitally mobile by using anthropometric methods and can provide advice in accordance with the development of nutritional status and age of infants and toddlers. The design in building this system with the Anthropometry method. Anthropometric index used is body weight according to age, height by age and weight by height.

The second study is research from FakhrunNisa'ulAzizah [4]. The application made is an application to calculate the ideal body weight, the number of calories your body needs and provide information about the nutritional content of food and increase the number of calories burned based on two types of sports activity choices namely walking and running. The method used to calculate calorie requirements is the Harris Benedict method, while the calorie burner uses the exercise calorie formula.Application to monitor diet programs based on this activity can help users who want to do a diet program easily. This application provides information about weight control, nutritional intake of food and calories needed by the user's body.

The third study was a study from WeniKurdanti [6], who conducted research on the factors that influence the incidence of obesity in adolescents. The independent variable is the intake of macro nutrients, fiber intake, fast food consumption patterns, consumption patterns of sweet foods or drinks, physical activity, psychological factors (self-esteem), genetic factors, and breakfast intake, while the dependent variable is the incidence of obesity. Adolescents who have Application Of Diet Program Monitoring Using Intelligent System 17 excessive macro nutrient intake, frequent frequency of fast food consumption, inactive physical activity, having mothers and fathers with obesity status, and not eating breakfast, are at greater risk of obesity. In this study an intelligent application was developed to monitor a diet program using the Certainty Factor method.

The application developed can determine the ideal weight, balanced nutritional intake, determine the recommended daily nutritional intake, in addition, this application can detect diseases caused by obesity, as well as display graphs of body weight development, which are not found in existing applications.The developed application consists of five stages. The first stage is detecting body weight including thin, normal or obese using the body mass index automatically. The second detects diseases due to obesity using the Certainty Factor method. The third detects the need for balanced calories for the body.

The fourth is to provide recommendations for proper nutrition or daily energy intake (calories) for the user. The fifth is a graph display of weight development.With this application it is expected that the process of monitoring a diet program can be done quickly, cheaply and practically with high accuracy. This application is expected to be used by anyone (who is of productive age and not pregnant women), including helping the work of nutritionists, especially nutrition counselors in the diet program, while also helping in determining the appropriate daily nutritional intake recommendations for users.

Materials and Methods

This study uses data from the results of examinations of people who are doing a diet program. The data taken consisted of data on age, weight, height and type of activity. The data used amounted to 30 data.

Research on applications to monitor diet programs developed consists of two main things, namely applications to monitor diet programs and applications to detect diseases caused by obesity using an intelligent system. Each of which will be explained in detail as follows.

Diet Program Monitoring

This research relies on nutrition theory especially adult nutrition which includes: knowledge about diet, detection of nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI), determination of calorie requirements that are right for the body and detection of diseases caused by nutritional disorders especially diseases due to fat disorders. Thus knowledge about nutrition will greatly support the success of this research. The steps in the application development process to monitor diet programs include: a. Application Development for Detecting Ideal Body Weight. In calculating the Ideal Body Weight (IBW) For ages over 12 years using the standard Brocca [7]. The formula for calculating the ideal body weight is as follows: IBW = (BH – 100) – (10% (BH – 100)) (1) Where IBW is the Ideal Body Weight in kilograms (kg) and BH is Height in centimeters (cm). b. Determine Energy Needs The main component for determining energy needs is the Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR). Basal metabolic rate is the minimum energy needed by the body to carry out bodily processes expressed in kilocalorie units and physical activity. The basal metabolic rate used in this study uses the Harris Benedict formula [8].

Calculation of basal metabolic rate between men and women is distinguished. To calculate the basal metabolic rate for men and women are shown in equations 2 and 3 below: MBR for Men: 66+(13,7 ×BW)+ (5×BH) -(6,8 ×A) (2) BMRfor Women: 655+(9,6 ×BW)+ (1,8×BH) -(4,7 ×A) (3) Where BW is weight in kilograms (kg), BH is height) in centimeters (cm) and A is age in years. After the BMR value is known, the next step is to find out the type of physical activity. The grouping of physical activity weights can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1: Physical Activity Weighting

Count Burn Calories Activities, for example sports require energy which is known in kilos of calories. This energy source comes from fat or from glycogen. Many factors affect the calories burned during activity. First and foremost is the adaptation of our body and the second factor is muscle volume. Another factor is body weight, intensity of activity and the metabolic condition of the body itself.Exercise requires energy which is known in kilos of calories. This energy source comes from fat or from glycogen. Many factors affect the calories burned during exercise. First and foremost is the adaptation of our body and the second factor is muscle volume.

Other factors are body weight, exercise intensity and the metabolic condition of the body itself. By research, every sport movement is sought for its MET (metabolic equivalent of task) value.Which is an estimated number of calories burned while doing sports activities in a certain time, then compared with the estimated volume of body muscle mass. In addition to finding calories burned while exercising, you can also use the same calculation to calculate how many calories are burned for daily activities. The basic formula is as follows[1]:

EC=MET×Weight(kg)×Time(minutes)

Formulas used include:

• Ideal Body Weight (IBW): IBW=(Height(cm)–100)–[10%×(Height(cm)–100)]
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for Men: 66+(13.7×Weight(kg))+(5×Height(cm))−(6.8×Age)
• BMR for Women:655+(9.6×Weight(kg))+(1.8×Height(cm))−(4.7×Age)

Results

The developed application enables users to monitor their diet programs by providing personalized dietary and activity recommendations, tracking progress through interactive graphs, and assessing the risk of obesity-related diseases. Preliminary testing showed promising results in improving dietary adherence and knowledge among users.

Conclusion

The intelligent system offers a comprehensive tool for diet program monitoring, addressing common pitfalls by providing personalized insights, disease risk assessment, and progress visualization. It stands to benefit individuals seeking to achieve their dietary goals and healthcare professionals aiming to provide better nutritional guidance.