Laboratory Techniques (Solid and Liquid Reagents)

Introduction

The objective of this lab work is to learn how to use appropriate laboratory techniques during an experiment. In this exercise, various laboratory instruments and materials are utilized to carry out procedures involving the dissolution of a solid, filtration of the resulting solution, and the subsequent evaporation of the solution obtained in part B.

Experimental Procedure

During this stage, different procedures are carried out using the following laboratory instruments:

1. Hot plate: Used to heat the mixed solid in the beaker.
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2. Beaker: A cylindrical container with a flat bottom, used for mixing a small amount of sodium sulfate with 15ml of deionized water.
3. Stirring rod: Used to thoroughly mix the sodium sulfate and deionized water for the experiment.
4. Evaporating dish: Employed to evaporate the solution obtained from the mixture of sodium sulfate and sand to their melting point.
5. Funnel: A tube that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used to guide the mixed liquid when pouring it into a larger 150ml beaker.
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6. Spatula: Used to transfer a small amount of sodium sulfate from its supply bottle to the beaker.
7. Paper: A surface on which the sodium sulfate is placed before transferring it to the beaker.
8. Metal ring: Attached to a ring stand to support the funnel during the experiment.
9. Wire gauze: Placed on top of the ring stand to support the beaker after the heating process.

Result and Discussion

At the end of the experiment, a white deposit was observed at the bottom of the evaporating dish, indicating the presence of a chemical called sulfate.

Additionally, the small inner cone had a white color, and the bottom of the dish appeared to be discolored. Moreover, the mixture of sodium sulfate and sand in the dish evaporated during the heating process on the hot plate. A piece of filter paper was moistened to securely attach it to the funnel. The solid remaining on the filter paper after filtration is referred to as the residue, while the liquid in the beaker is known as the filtrate.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the hot plate was turned on in a clockwise direction and turned off after the water had evaporated, and the contents were examined. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment, any excess sodium sulfate was properly disposed of in a waste container. The stirring rod was rinsed with additional distilled water to ensure that all dissolved solids remained in the beaker. The workspace was thoroughly cleaned, and all laboratory instruments were returned to the storage cupboard.