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The primary objectives of this experiment are as follows:
The Bourdon tube manometer is a crucial instrument in fluid mechanics and pressure measurement. It operates on the principle that as pressure is applied to the inside of a curved, flattened tube (the Bourdon tube), it tends to straighten out.
This deformation is proportional to the pressure, and it is what allows us to measure pressure.
The formula for pressure (P) can be defined as:
P = F / A
Where:
In this experiment, we aim to calibrate a Bourdon tube manometer using various known weights, measuring pressure in units of KPa (Kilopascals) and Pa (Pascals) with the unit N/m2 (Newtons per square meter).
The following apparatus were utilized for this experiment:
The setup for this experiment involved the following steps:
Throughout the experiment, we recorded the following data:
Mass (m, kg) | Deformation (D, cm) | Pressure Up (Pgauge(up), KPa) | Pressure Down (Pgauge(down), KPa) | Measurement Number |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 0.34 | 0.3 | 1 |
1.5 | 2 | 0.48 | 0.4 | 2 |
2 | 3 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 3 |
2.5 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 4 |
3 | 5 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 5 |
3.5 | 6 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 6 |
The cross-sectional area (A) of the Bourdon tube was calculated as:
A = πr2 = π(0.022 m)2 = 0.000314 m2
The weight (W) applied to the piston was calculated as:
W = m × 9.81 N
The calibrated pressure (Pcal) was determined as the average of the pressure readings obtained when the weights were added and removed:
Pcal = (Pgauge(up) + Pgauge(down)) / 2
The calibration error (Error) was calculated as the absolute difference between Pcal and the Bourdon gauge reading (Pgauge), divided by Pcal:
Error = |Pcal - Pgauge| / Pcal
The percentage error (Error%) was calculated as:
Error% = (Error / Pcal) × 100%
Error% | Error | Pcal | Pgauge(up) | Pgauge(down) | Measurement Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
-0.02426% | -0.00758 | 0.31242 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 1 |
0.061094% | 0.025631 | 0.468631 | 0.44 | 0.48 | 2 |
0.047757% | 0.029841 | 0.624841 | 0.595 | 0.62 | 3 |
0.02055% | 0.016051 | 0.781051 | 0.765 | 0.8 | 4 |
0.071764% | 0.067261 | 0.937261 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 5 |
-0.00597% | -0.00653 | 1.093471 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 6 |
The results obtained during the experiment indicate that the laboratory measurements closely align with the expected values.
The small percentage errors demonstrate the successful calibration of the Bourdon apparatus, confirming its accuracy in measuring pressure. Any minor deviations observed can be attributed to factors such as experimental conditions, environmental changes, or manufacturing tolerances in the equipment.
This experiment underscores the importance of calibration in ensuring the reliability of pressure measurements. Accurate pressure readings are crucial in various fields, including fluid dynamics, engineering, and industrial applications. Any inaccuracies in pressure measurement can lead to significant errors in calculations and potentially impact the safety and performance of systems that rely on precise pressure control.
The Bourdon gauge, a thin-walled metal tube, proves to be a highly accurate but delicate instrument for pressure measurement. Its sensitivity allows for precise readings, but it also makes it vulnerable to damage. Additionally, the Bourdon gauge may malfunction when subjected to rapidly fluctuating pressures.
As a solution to these limitations, alternative pressure measurement devices have been developed, including electronic sensors and transducers that are less prone to physical damage and offer rapid response times. Nevertheless, the Bourdon gauge remains a valuable tool in situations where its accuracy and reliability are paramount.
Calibration of Bourdon Apparatus: a Report. (2024, Jan 17). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/calibration-of-bourdon-apparatus-a-report
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