Analog Electronics Laboratory Report

Abstract

Analog filters are a type of active electronics filter commonly used in conjunction with components like amplifiers. This laboratory report focuses on the design and application of analog filters to enhance the performance of filter systems and predict circuit component behavior.

Introduction

Analog filters play a crucial role in eliminating unwanted noise from information signals, ensuring the efficient quality of the signal. They offer the advantage of adjustability, allowing for their integration into various circuits as needed.

Equipment

• Computer desktop
• LTspice simulator
• NI ELVISmx Instrument Launcher and LabVIEW software
• NI Prototype board
• Resistors, capacitors, op-amps, and NPN transistors

Procedure

1. Launch the LTSpice software and create a new schematic.
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2. Construct the circuit using the appropriate equipment.
3. Select the spice analysis and enter the command: ^{ac oct 10 1 10 Meg}.
4. Execute the simulation and capture the results.
5. Implement the circuit on the NI Prototype board using the proper equipment.
6. Launch the NI ELVISmx Instrument Launcher and run the Bode analyzer.
7. Set the start and stop frequencies to 10 Hz and 1 MHz, respectively, and capture the experimental results.
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Result and Analysis

Due to the non-ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers, there are deviations observed in the laboratory experiment results compared to the circuit simulation results, particularly in the bandpass and low-pass filter configurations.

These discrepancies can sometimes be attributed to the use of different component values.

Due to the non-ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers, there are deviations observed in the laboratory experiment results compared to the circuit simulation results, particularly in the bandpass and low-pass filter configurations. These discrepancies can sometimes be attributed to the use of different component values.

Conclusion

In summary, the laboratory experiments and simulations reveal minor variations in the output of the low-pass and bandpass filters, indicative of the non-ideal characteristics of electronic components and equipment used in the experiments.

Reference

• Don Lancaster, Active-Filter Cookbook, Howard W. Sams and Co., 1975, ISBN 0-672-21168-8, pages 8-10.