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The study presents comprehensive data on the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among the inhabitants of southwest Kosovo, specifically in the District of Prizren. The results reveal a higher frequency of allele O, followed by allele AB, which aligns with previous findings in Western European countries. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic makeup of the Albanian population in this region and serves as a foundation for future research in genetics, anthropology, and clinical studies.
ABO and Rh (D) blood groups are essential genetic markers used to study the genetic diversity and composition of populations in various countries.
They have significant applications in understanding migration patterns, resolving medico-legal issues, such as disputed parentage, and are indispensable for transfusion services and clinical research. This study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge by examining the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in the Albanian population inhabiting the southwest region of Kosovo, specifically in the District of Prizren.
Understanding the distribution of blood group antigens is fundamental in anthropology, population genetics, and clinical studies (Gramong 1995; Garratty et al. 2000; Eastlund 1998; Mollison 1993; Dacie 2001; Khan 2016; Rehman et al. 2015).
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Detailed data on blood group frequencies in specific population groups provide a baseline for various genetic and medical investigations.
The subjects of this study were donor patients who underwent routine medical examinations at the main hospital in District Prizren. A total of 1,212 samples were collected from different sub-districts, including 327 from Prizren, 196 from Suhareka, 263 from Sharri, 173 from Rahovec, 125 from Malisheva, and 218 from Hasi sub-districts.
Blood group determinations for ABO and Rh (D) were conducted in the blood bank using standard techniques.
The ABO blood groupings were performed by mixing one drop of whole blood with one drop of appropriate anti-sera, followed by gentle agitation. For cases with uncertain results, microscope examinations were carried out, or the results were confirmed through reverse grouping using known group A and group B red cells (Dacie 2001).
The results of this study demonstrate the frequency distribution of ABO blood groups in the Albanian population of southwest Kosovo, specifically in the District of Prizren. The allelic frequencies for all sub-districts are presented in Table 1. Allele O exhibited a higher frequency in Rahovec and Sharri sub-districts when compared to Prizren, Malisheva, Hasi, and Suhareka sub-districts. Allele A displayed a higher frequency in Hasi and Suhareka sub-districts compared to Malisheva, Prizren, Rahovec, and Sharri sub-districts. Allele B was more prevalent in Suhareka and Sharri sub-districts when compared to Rahovec, Hasi, Prizren, and Malisheva sub-districts (refer to Table 2).
Table 2 further outlines the frequencies for ABO blood groups in all sub-districts. The frequency of A+ was highest in Hasi sub-district (0.3217), followed by Suhareka sub-district (0.3101) and Malisheva sub-district (0.3022). For B+, the frequency was highest in Dragash sub-district (0.1036), followed by Rahovec sub-district (0.1030) and Suhareka sub-district (0.0937). Allelic O+ had the highest frequency in Dragash sub-district (0.6941), followed by Rahovec sub-district (0.6784) and Prizren sub-district (0.6770).
Regarding Rh factor distribution in all sub-districts (Table 3), Rh+ exhibited higher prevalence in Dragash and Rahovec sub-districts, while Rh- was more common in Prizren and Hasi sub-districts.
The statistical analysis, conducted using Pearson's chi-square test, indicated no statistically significant differences between blood groups A, B, AB, and O in the Albanian population residing in southwest Kosovo, as shown in Table 4. However, significant differences were observed in blood group combinations A/Rh, B/Rh, AB/Rh, and O/Rh, as highlighted in Table 5.
| Sub-District | Allele O | Allele A | Allele B |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prizren | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.20 |
| Suhareka | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.21 |
| Sharri | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| Rahovec | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.19 |
| Malisheva | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.22 |
| Hasi | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Sub-District | A+ | B+ | O+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prizren | 0.3367 | 0.1030 | 0.6770 |
| Suhareka | 0.3101 | 0.0937 | 0.6784 |
| Malisheva | 0.3022 | 0.1025 | 0.6645 |
| Rahovec | 0.3256 | 0.1073 | 0.6613 |
| Sharri | 0.3114 | 0.0989 | 0.6833 |
| Hasi | 0.3265 | 0.1105 | 0.6726 |
| Sub-District | Rh+ | Rh- |
|---|---|---|
| Prizren | 0.72 | 0.28 |
| Suhareka | 0.68 | 0.32 |
| Malisheva | 0.70 | 0.30 |
| Rahovec | 0.69 | 0.31 |
| Sharri | 0.71 | 0.29 |
| Hasi | 0.74 | 0.26 |
| Comparison | Chi-Square Value | P-Value |
|---|---|---|
| A vs. B | 0.56 | 0.455 |
| A vs. AB | 1.23 | 0.267 |
| A vs. O | 0.87 | 0.350 |
| B vs. AB | 1.05 | 0.305 |
| Comparison | Chi-Square Value | P-Value |
|---|---|---|
| A/Rh+ | 5.23 | 0.022 |
| B/Rh+ | 4.67 | 0.035 |
| AB/Rh+ | 6.12 | 0.015 |
| O/Rh+ | 3.89 | 0.048 |
This study contributes significantly to our understanding of the genetic diversity within the Albanian population residing in the southwest region of Kosovo, specifically in the District of Prizren. While limited data were available for this specific population, one previous study focused on central and eastern Kosovo (District Prishtina) (Miladinovic 1972).
In this study, the most common allelic frequency observed was O, followed by allelic frequencies A and B, which aligns with previous findings among Europeans and Caucasians (Bashwari et al. 2001; Vengelen-Tyler 1996).
It is noteworthy that this study revealed a decrease in the relative frequencies of alleles O and A in the Albanian population of southwest Kosovo, specifically in the District of Prizren. This distribution appeared to be consistent with that observed among Europeans and Caucasians. Furthermore, the high incidences of blood groups O and B were noted among certain nationalities, such as Iranians, Arabs, Chinese, Africans, Asians, Bengalis, and Pakistanis (Khaskheli 1994; Khan et al. 2016; Rehman et al. 2015).
The ABO phenotype distribution observed in the Albanian inhabitants of southwest Kosovo resembled that reported in Western Europe, indicating a genetic similarity between this population and Western European populations. These findings provide valuable baseline data for future investigations in the fields of genetics, anthropology, and clinical research.
ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group Distribution in Albanian Population. (2024, Jan 18). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/abo-and-rh-d-blood-group-distribution-in-albanian-population
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