Engineering

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1
Laboratory Report: Design and Analysis of Electrical Circuit

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The primary aim of this project was to apply the engineering design process in creating a basic electrical circuit while adhering to specified constraints and requirements. The project involved utilizing Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, and Kirchhoff’s Current Law for calculations. The process also included the physical construction of the electrical circuit and subsequent testing, with all the work documented in a formal laboratory report. Initiating the design process involved formulating a problem statement encompassing design requirements, constraints, and assumptions.…
2
Shear Behavior Analysis: Modulus of Rigidity in Torsion Testing of Steel, Brass, and Aluminum

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Objectives: Establishing the correlation between torque (T) and shear stress (τ) with the angle of twist (θ). Determining the modulus of rigidity (G) of the material. Identifying the maximum shear stress at both the elastic limit and material failure. Theory: General Overview: In the elastic range, yielding initiates in the outer fibers, progressing towards the core as twisting continues. Plastic deformation extends through the cross-section, accompanied by gradual work hardening. Unlike necking, there is no abrupt drop in the curve.…
3
Comprehensive Study on the Static Equilibrium of Beams in Structural Mechanics

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Abstract The principle of static equilibrium in beams is a critical area of study within structural engineering, crucial for ensuring the stability and integrity of various structures. This experimental analysis was designed to investigate the static equilibrium conditions of beams under different loading scenarios. Our primary goal was to examine the interaction between applied forces and moments on the beam, thereby identifying the necessary conditions for maintaining static equilibrium. Through a series of experiments involving various loads on a beam…

4
Analyzing the Dynamics of Enzyme Activity: A Detailed Lab Report

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Introduction to Enzymatic Activity Dynamics The study of enzymes, proteins that act as biological catalysts, is pivotal in understanding various biochemical processes. This lab report focuses on elucidating the impact of various factors—temperature, pH, presence of ions, and substrate concentration—on enzyme activity, using salivary amylase as the primary subject. Through quantitative analysis, we aim to uncover how these variables influence the catalytic efficiency and structural integrity of enzymes, drawing on the hypothesis that each factor has an optimum condition under…
5
Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits: An In-depth Study

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Introduction In the vast field of electrical engineering, understanding the intricacies of circuitry is crucial. This comprehensive report delves into a laboratory exploration focusing on series-parallel circuits, utilizing the commonly studied model of Drosophila melanogaster—the fruit fly of electrical circuit analysis due to its simplicity yet profound capacity for illustrating complex principles. By investigating a series-parallel circuit's behavior under various conditions, we aim to elucidate the fundamental concepts of electrical current and voltage distribution across different components, leveraging the mechanical…
6
Comprehensive Analysis of Oscilloscope Functions and Applications

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Introduction The oscilloscope, a fundamental instrument in electrical engineering and physics, serves as a critical tool for observing the varying signal voltages. Its ability to graphically display signal voltages as a function of time allows for the detailed analysis of electrical phenomena. This lab report delves into the utilization of an oscilloscope to study various waveforms and their characteristics. Through a series of experiments, we aim to explore the oscilloscope's capabilities in measuring frequency, amplitude, and phase differences between signals,…
7
Charging and Discharging of RC Circuits

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Objective This lab aims to familiarize students with signal generators and to explore the dynamics of charging and discharging in RC circuits as the time period, T, of the input square wave varies. Introduction Understanding Time-Varying Signals Time-varying signals are those whose amplitude changes over time. Key concepts related to these signals include: Peak Voltage (Vp): The maximum amplitude of a signal. Time Period (T): The duration to complete one cycle of the signal, inversely related to frequency. Frequency (f): The number of…
8
Exploring Filter Circuits: An Analysis of RC Circuit Behavior through Experiment and Simulation

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Introduction Within the context of electrical circuits, filters have numerous applications in which they are often used. In this report, Resistor-Capacitor circuits will be studied. These are circuits with elements including resistors and capacitors, but the report focuses on first order RC filter circuits involving a single resistor and a single capacitor. RC circuits can be modified for different purposes. Low-pass filters, or LPFs, are used to filter out ‘noise’ or high frequency signals from circuits, whereas high-pass filters, or…
9
Automating Construction: The Development of a Wall Painting Robot

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Abstract Generally, the painting process requires regular work and its take time and effort to lift hands, and chemicals may cause problems with the respiratory system. As construction workers and robots work together, it is possible to properly manage the entire construction process and save human labor and energy. It would also provide an opportunity to reduce or eliminate human exposure to challenging and hazardous environments, which would solve most of the safety related issues at the same time as…
10
A Review of Constant Temperature Anemometer

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Abstract Over the years many researchers have done research on constant temperature anemometer. Many have introduced new variation in the basic design of constant temperature anemometer like including current boosting stages, more differential amplifier stage, temperature compensation etc. The techniques to analyze these designs like by finding the frequency response have been implemented by many researchers in both similar and different manner. This review paper will include the design of constant temperature anemometer, the determination of frequency response done by…

11
Fpga Based Real Time Temperature Measurement System

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to achieve real-time acquisition and monitoring of temperature in large-scale industrial or agricultural production scene, and timely detect abnormal temperature. FPGA chip, multi temperature sensor and alarm control module three parts consist of FPGA alarm system obtained based on multi temperature sensor. Multi temperature sensor is used for the acquisition of relevant temperature signal in the production site, and the transmission of the collected data through the way of digital signal chip to…
12
Guiding Principles for Effective Software Testing

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Abstract Testing is a critical stage and complex activity in software development life cycle (SDLC) and to make sure it is done successfully there are many principles to follow. These principles are considered as the general rules or the main guidelines for the testing team. These principles have been established over the years. The conclusion of these principles is admitting that no system is 100% error free and you cannot execute all the test cases. A main principle also is…
13
Comprehensive Testing Strategy for BSc Computing Science Dissertation Project

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Introduction Testing strategy plan and test cases are applied to BSc Computing Science dissertation project of DimitarStoynev. The project is a web application that allows the lecturers to create exams in different schools and different modules, topics and types of questions – multiple choice, fill the gaps and open answer questions – accompanied with a good description, points and pictures as required. All generated exams and questions are saved in a database and can be accessed at any time from…
14
Selecting Jasmine: Justification for JavaScript Testing Framework in Team Project

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Abstract Software testing aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program to determine that it meets its preset requirements. With the dominance of JavaScript in web and mobile development, there are an abundance of excellence JavaScript testing framework to help developers to better test the application. This study intends to justify the use of Jasmine over other alternative JavaScript testing framework in the market. Jasmine and two other well-known alternative framework are compared to find out the factors…
15
SaaS Testing – Methods, Tools and Objectives

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Abstract Low cost and high returns; this has been the principle of business for many years. In IT sector the major cost lies within the initial infrastructure, that includes hardware and software. Cloud provides a platform for attaining this goal. Cloud computing not just changes the way of acquiring computing assets, (for example, PCs, foundations, information stockpiling, and application administrations), however additionally changes the method for overseeing and conveying computing administrations, advances, and arrangements. Cloud computing drives an open door…
16
Maximizing Automation in Mobile Application Testing: Techniques, Tools, and Future Directions

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Abstract The paper introduces MTA which is based on the principle of test tools auto-generating the test cases and hence there is no longer a need for humans to intervene. There are certain topics of research in this field that take testing by automated tools to a newer and rather enhanced level. Research is in progress on the usage of automation testing tools for heterogenous platforms and the key criteria to be kept in mind while selecting a test tool.…
17
Comparative Analysis of Software Testing Tools: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract Testing is one of the important modules in Software Engineering and there is huge variety of open source software testing tools available in market. Software testing is a process of finding whether the actual outputs match the expected outputs or not and to ensure that the software system is defect free. Software testing also helps in identifying the errors in the software, gaps or missing requirements in reverse to the actual requirements. It can be done manually or by…
18
Automating Quality: Enhancing Software Testing Efficiency

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Introduction Nowadays software has become very important in an individual's life [1]. So, software should be safe and a reliable one.But there is a saying that 'Mistakes makes us human'. Therefore, there is a very high possibility that where humans are involved, chances of errors are very high [2]. Programming blunders can negatively influence the live activity and sometimes can even cause death [3]. So, it is necessary to treat such errors in the earlier stage itself, they get much…
19
Revolutionizing Software Testing: The Role of Cloud Computing

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Abstract With the advent of IT industry, software has become a primary element of almost all the organizations for different types of problem solving. Field of software is becoming advanced with up gradation of technology. Many software industries across the globe are striving towards the innovative concepts, technology and practices in order to satisfy growing customer needs. So it becomes mandatory to use the best practices and principles to full extent in each and every phase of software development process.…
20
Cloud-based Testing: Opportunities and Challenges

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Abstract Recent years, we are encountering a blast of distributed computing as another age of computing resources, software services and platforms are relocating to cloud, which likewise drives an extraordinary open door in giving progressively powerful and adaptable testing strategies and apparatuses just as testing services (TaaS). Be that as it may, testing has its own attributes contrasting from different pieces of programming designing, which requires new diagram and systems for offloading. This paper offers a reasonable review of ideas,…
21
Analysis of Forced Convection Heat Transfer in a Copper Rod

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Introduction The aim of this report is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics from a copper cylinder (rod) as air flows over the rod at a certain velocity via forced convection. Aside from investigating the relationship between heat transfer airflow velocity, this report evaluates the Reynolds and Nusselt numbers associated with each flow rate. Subsequently, values of the constant ‘K’ and the index ‘n’ are calculated using the relationship shown below and compared to values from literature. The findings of…
22
Investigating the Impact of Blade Size on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Efficiency

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Introduction A Wind Energy Converter, commonly called a Wind Turbine is a device that works by converting the abundant kinetic energy from the wind, firstly into rotational kinetic energy and then thus electrical energy, that can be supplied to the population through the use of a power grid around Australia. The wind speed plays a large role in the energy available for conversion. When in the planning stages of producing a wind farm, to assess the economic viability of a…
23
Unveiling Soil Secrets: A Comprehensive Exploration of Sieve Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering and Environmental Science

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This method establishes a robust framework for quantitatively assessing the particle size distribution within a given soil sample, encompassing particles ranging from coarse sand to clay sizes. Understanding the distribution of these particles is crucial for comprehending the soil's physical properties and its potential applications in various fields. The central objective of the sieve analysis test is to provide a detailed characterization of the soil's grain-size distribution. This information is essential for geotechnical engineers, environmental scientists, and agronomists as it…
24
Exploring Power Dynamics in AC Circuits: A Comprehensive Experimental Study

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Objectives Distinguish between true power and apparent power in an AC circuit, gaining insights into the fundamental concepts that govern electrical power. Utilize the volt-ampere method and employ an oscilloscope to measure power in an AC circuit. This involves practical applications that enhance understanding and proficiency in electrical measurements. The experimental setup involves creating an AC circuit where the distinction between true power and apparent power becomes evident. Through systematic variations in circuit parameters, the impact on power measurements is…
25
Laboratory Report – FCC Unit Simulation

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Abstract This report presents the results and analysis of a simulation of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit using A/F-3 catalyst. The study investigates the effects of various operating parameters, including C/O ratio, feed temperature, flow rate, reactor pressure, riser height, and compares the performance of one-riser and dual riser configurations. 1. Introduction The Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process is a cornerstone of modern petroleum refineries, playing a pivotal role in the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into valuable products such…
26
Maleic Anhydride Production and Reactor Simulation

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1.0 Introduction Maleic anhydride is an organic compound known for its strong irritant properties when it comes into contact with the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory system. It has a melting point of 52.8°C and a boiling point of 202°C, commonly existing as a liquid or gas during production. Maleic anhydride plays a pivotal role as a multifunctional chemical intermediate, serving as a key feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins, butanediol, gamma-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran(1).…
27
Vedas Multiplier Algorithm in VLSI Arithmetic

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Abstract An efficient technique for multiplying two binary numbers using limited power and time is presented in this paper. The work mainly focuses on the speed of the multiplication operation of multipliers by reducing the number of bits to be multiplied. The framework of the proposed algorithm is taken from Mathematical algorithms given in Vedas and is further optimized by the use of some general arithmetic operations such as expansion and bit-shifting. The proposed algorithm was modeled using Verilog, a…
28
Geotechnics Lab Report: Soil Sieving

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Introduction Soil composition varies significantly in terms of particle shapes and sizes, depending on its location. This lab aims to illustrate the process of soil grading through sieving, utilizing the methods specified by BS 1377, which includes both dry and wet sieving. Wet sieving is suitable for cohesionless soils, while dry sieving is appropriate for soils with minimal silt and clay content. Excessive silt and clay in dry sieving can lead to inaccuracies due to particle clogging. Sieving is essential…
29
Natural Frequency Analysis of a Shaft Rotor System

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Abstract: This comprehensive lab report delves into the intricate process of analyzing the natural frequencies of a simple shaft rotor system. Utilizing both the Holzer Method and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), this study aims to determine the system's natural frequencies and compare them to results obtained from ANSYS simulations. The report provides in-depth insights into the methodology, results, and discussions surrounding this important engineering analysis. 1. Introduction The mechanical behavior of rotating shaft rotor systems is of utmost importance in…
30
Structural Analysis of Cantilever Truss

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Summary The primary objective of this coursework is to design a lightweight cantilever structure capable of supporting a 500 g mass positioned 500 mm away from a vertical wall. Additionally, the task involves predicting which structural member is the most vulnerable and determining its failure load. In this study, we consider the structure as a perfect pin-jointed truss. We employ free body diagrams and symmetry to calculate the forces within each truss member. While the truss successfully supported the 500g…

31
Water Tank Design and Cost Analysis for Fire Brigade Vehicles

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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The local fire brigade is preparing for anticipated summer heatwaves and required a backup water tank suitable for mounting on a customized utility vehicle. A water tank is an elevated structure designed to provide pressurized water for distribution and emergency fire protection. The concept of water tanks dates back to 1889, initially influenced by Maughn, and later developed by engineer Edwin Ruud. The first notable water tank, a 168-foot-tall steel Marston water tower, was built in…
32
Pressure Drop Across A Pipe Experiment Report

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Introduction The flow of fluids through pipes is a fundamental aspect of various industrial and engineering applications. Understanding the behavior of fluid flow in pipes is essential for designing efficient systems and predicting the associated pressure losses. In this experiment, we aim to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of water through both rough and smooth pipes. Background When a fluid, such as water, flows through a pipe, it encounters resistance due to the friction between…
33
Pressure Drop Across A Pipe Experiment Report

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Introduction The flow of fluids through pipes is a fundamental aspect of various industrial and engineering applications. Understanding the behavior of fluid flow in pipes is essential for designing efficient systems and predicting the associated pressure losses. In this experiment, we aim to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of water through both rough and smooth pipes. Objective The objective of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of…
34
Characterizing Fluid Flow with Reynolds Numbers

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Introduction Fluid flow is a fundamental aspect of engineering and physics, with applications ranging from the design of efficient pipelines to understanding the behavior of blood circulation in the human body. The characterization of fluid flow is crucial in determining its performance and optimizing its applications. One of the key parameters used to classify fluid flow is the Reynolds number, denoted as Re. In this experiment, we aim to characterize different types of fluid flow by calculating the Reynolds number…
35
Analysis of a Simple Structure – Steel Wire

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Abstract The report presents an analysis of an experiment conducted on both a straight wire and a uniquely shaped wire. Calculations were performed using numerical and analytical methods to determine the maximum displacement of the wire. The results were compared to identify any differences in the maximum displacement between the two wire configurations. Introduction Beams are horizontal structural members with significantly greater length than width or breadth. Various types of beams exist, including Simply Supported Beam, Fixed Beam, Cantilever Beam,…
36
Piezoelectric Charger: Pcb Design Project Report

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Portable mobile charger using piezoelectric energy executive summary Alternative energy sources are one of the main focuses in research and development in many aspects in engineering, especially electronic devices. By targeting renewable energy sources, not only will the amount of pollution decrease but also help in preserving the rapidly depleting resources available on Earth. Compared to all the other energy sources, electrical energy conservation has the greatest potential and most opportunity. The objective of our circuit design project was to…
37
Design of Various Pavement Types: a Report

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Introduction The quality and durability of road pavements are critical for ensuring safe and efficient transportation networks. Proper pavement design is essential to withstand various traffic loads and environmental conditions. This comprehensive report explores the design methodologies and calculations for different types of road pavements: Granular Road, Bitumen Road, Flexy Road, and Rigid Road. Each section of this report delves into the specific design approaches for these pavements, considering factors such as traffic volume, load-bearing capacity, and material properties. The…
38
Wind Turbine Power Calculations

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RWE npower is a prominent integrated UK energy company and is a part of the RWE Group, one of Europe's leading utilities. We possess and manage a diverse portfolio of power plants, including gas-fired combined cycle gas turbines, oil, and coal-fired power stations, as well as Combined Heat and Power plants on industrial sites that provide both electrical power and heat. RWE npower also boasts a robust in-house operations and engineering capability that supports our existing assets and fosters the…
39
Enhancing PLA 3D Printed Parts with CNT Composites Study

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Glossary CNT: Carbon Nanotube(s) - Cylindrical carbon molecules 13 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length PLA: Polylactic Acid - A thermoplastic aliphatic polyester FDM: Fusion Deposition Modeling - An additive manufacturing process using layer-by-layer deposition of a plastic filament material extruded through a nozzle MFR: Melt Flow Rate - A measure of the ease of flow of melted plastic Tg: Glass Transition Temperature - The temperature range where the polymer substrate changes from a rigid glassy material to…
40
Lab Report: Smart Windows – Advancing Energy Efficiency in Buildings

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Abstract The research was conducted with the aim of revolutionizing building energy efficiency by introducing Smart Windows, a novel heat-rejecting film that reflects up to 70% of incoming solar heat. Through the integration of advanced chromogenic technologies and phase-change materials in hydrogel microparticles, the research sought to provide an innovative solution for reducing energy consumption in buildings while enhancing indoor comfort. Calorimetry was employed to measure heat rejection, and thermochemistry calculations estimated the potential energy savings, further highlighting the promising…

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