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Conductance measurements have a wide range of applications such as conductometric titration, sparingly soluble salts, and degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes. We can determine the degree of dissociation of the weak electrolyte according to Arrhenius the increase in conductance with decreasing in the concentration, then using kohlrausch's law that we can be used to determine to limit conductance. It is a method used to determine the solubility product of sparingly soluble salts due to their concentration is very low so conductance of sparingly soluble salts and limiting conductance are equal.
Conductometric titration it is a volumetric method used to determine the endpoint of various titration such as neutralization, precipitation, oxidation, and reduction titration It has many advantages such as it gives endpoint with high accuracy, it is used without needing to indicator and can be used in case of Dilute solutions and very weak acids can be analyzed by this titration, on the other hand, it has few disadvantages such as if the overall concentration is very high it will be less accurate.
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It has a lot of applications in industry such as using it to:
Identify microorganisms in food industries.
Preface
Conductance measurements have a big selection of applications but during this article, we will focus on three main applications such as conductometric titration, sparingly soluble salts, and degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte).
The solubility of sparingly soluble salts We found some salts such as AgCl3 and BaSo4 that are sparingly soluble in water that is difficult to determine their solubility product because they are in general considered as insoluble but their solubility product may be determined by using Conductance measurements.
This method depends on the concentration of sparingly soluble salts that are characterized with very low concentration which leads to molar conductance of sparingly soluble salts is the equal limiting value of conductance so according to kohlrausch's law, we can calculate it by this equation. Determination (α) for a weak electrolyte.
According to Arrhenius the increase in conductance with decreasing in the concentration because of variations of the degree of dissociation that is equal to unity at zero concentration (at infinite dilution) Then we can determine the limiting conductance by using kohlrausch's law that is not depending on the migration of ions So We can determine the degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte by using Conductance measurements by using the equation. Ex) degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte such as pure water is 1.9 × 10 -7
Conductometric titration (PALANNA, 2009, p. 320 ) We can determine the endpoints of titrations such as neutralization, precipitation, oxidation, and reduction titration by using conductance measurements .these processes include the sharing of ions, conductivity varies during the reaction that may be used to indicate its endpoint. In Conductometric titration, solution conductivity is determined after adding a small amount of reagent. The data used for plotting conductivity as a standard against the reagent volume added. The points fell on two branches from which two straight lines can be drawn. The endpoint is the point at which these two lines intersect. (For example) strong acid with a strong base. H + +CL - +Na + + OH - Na + + Cl - + H2O Adding NaOH to HCL leads to H + ion which has high conductivity is replaced by Na + ion with low conductivity. H + ion reacts with OH ion formed water molecule and adding of NaOH leads to the conductivity of HCL decreases till the endpoint is reacted After adding more of NaOH leads to an increase in conductivity due to the presence of OH ion and Na + ion.
Another example, the titration of a weak acid (acetic acid) with a strong base (Sodium Hydroxide).
CH3OOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
Adding NaOH which has high conductivity to CH3COOH with low conductivity results in forming CH3COONa (strong) and water molecule then conductance increases slowly till the endpoint is reacted. After adding more of NaOH results in conductance increases due to the presence of NaOH
Applications of conductometrictitration in industry
This method of titration used to:
Advantages of conductometrictitration
Dilute solutions and very weak acids can be analyzed by this titration. It is a volumetric method used to determine the endpoint without needing to indicator; it gives endpoint with high accuracy.it is used to determine the endpoint between a weak acid and a weak base.
The disadvantage of conductometrictitration
This titration is complicating method and its less sensitive than Wheatstone bridge.
If the overall concentration is very high it will be less accurate and satisfying. Just a few numbers of redox titrations should be conducted as high concentrations of hydronium ions in solution appear to obscure changes in behavior.
We can conclude from the above. We have their main application We can determine the degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte By using this equation We can determine the solubility product of sparingly soluble salts by using this equation We can use conductometric titration to determine the endpoint of various titration it gives the value of the endpoint with accuracy. There are many applications of conductometric titration and they are very important in an industry such as determination of alkalinity of freshwater and also to determinate water salinity.
Exploring Conductance Measurements: Applications and Advantages. (2024, Feb 18). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/exploring-conductance-measurements-applications-and-advantages
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