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Climate changes and rainfall have been erratic over the past decade. Plants require good climatic conditions for his optimal growth. Due to the changes in climate changes the yield of crops is been reduced for long a year. To overcome this the automated agricultural assistant will guide us if any conditions fall out of the optimal range. The aim of the project is to assist the farmers in improving agricultural practices using the image processing technique. High-precision cameras and image processing techniques will be used to monitor the agriculture field.
Sensors will be used to monitor the relevant agricultural parameters. Data will be stored in the cloud and can be retrieved at any time for future use and also use animal repellent to reduce the number of animals and birds in the farmland. So we can maximize the crop and increase the production. Keywords: Optimal growth, Image processing. High precision camera, optimal range.
Pesticides are used in worldwide agriculture.
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Between 30% and 40% of crop losses can be prevented when harmful insects and diseases are eliminated by the use of pesticides. These pesticides destroy diseases that affect the human. This affection can reduced by this project. Here image processing is done by using the Raspberry Pi the frequency of this controller is high when compared to Arduino, this can done by various parameters of images that can feed into the controller whenever the camera can detect the crop, the image can compare with various parameter and then controller gives the exact result, the crop can affected by infection or not.
If the crop can be infected the sprayer can spray the pesticides into the crop otherwise it cannot be sprayed. The rover can move this position through overall cropland by using the line follower technique. The crop can be identified by using a proximity sensor and also using animal repellent to remove the insects from the cropland.
Dr.S.Thangalakshmi [2], AUG 2015 studies the Electronic Trapping and monitoring of the insects pests troubling the Agricultural fields. But here drones are used, but these kinds of drones are restricted in some areas.
R.Pram odh [3], AUG 2016 studies the Concept, Design, Analysis and Fabrication of a Pesticide Sprayer for Rose Farming. But here copper with a pulley model was used, Healthy plants also got pesticide spray.
Hardware design: Power supply module Assemblies of solar cells are used to make solar modules which are used to capture energy from sunlight. Here we have used 3W solar panel. The buck-boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude.
The Raspberry pi Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.4 GHz and the memory range is 256MB. Secure Digital (SD) cards are used to store the operating system and program memory. The boards have one to four USB ports. For video output, HDMI and composite video are supported, with a standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve jack for audio output. Lower-level output is provided by several GPIO pins, which support common protocols like I? C and this is used to image processing for the crop this controller is used to analyze the affecting crops by matching the various parameters.
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive in either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC that can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It means that you can control two DC motors with a single L293D IC. The L293D can drive small and quite big motors as well. It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit that allows the voltage to be flown in either direction as voltage needs to change its direction to be able to rotate the motor in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, Hence H bridge ICs are ideal for driving a DC motor for this purpose.
A Relay driver is an electromagnetic switch that will be used whenever we want to use a low voltage circuit to switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to the 220V mains supply. The required current to run the relay coil is more than can be supplied by various integrated circuits like Op-Amp, etc. Relays have unique properties and are replaced with solid-state switches that are stronger than solid-state devices. To drive the relay, we use a transistor and only less power can be possibly used to get the relay driven. Since the transistor is an amplifier so the base lead receives sufficient current to make more current flow from the Emitter of the Transistor to the Collector. The conduction of the transistor can be controlled using base current and thus the spraying.
Ultrasonic sensor HC -SR04 is used to detect the presence of humans or objects while moving of the vehicle. To start the measurement, Trig of SR04 must receive a pulse of high (5V) for at least 10 microseconds, this will initiate the sensor to transmit out 8 cycles of ultrasonic burst at 40kHz and wait for the reflected ultrasonic burst. When the sensor detects ultrasonic from the receiver, it will set the Echo pin too high (5 V) and delay for a period (width)which is proportional to distance. To obtain the distance, measure the width (Ton) of the Echo pin. Now if the distance is within a limit system stops and sends information.
The level sensor detects the level of liquids and other fluids. The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous-level sensors measure within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally, the latter detects levels that are excessively high or low. When the pesticides go on below to particular level then the buzzer will be on. It indicates the pesticide quantity.
In these projects, mechatronics and electronics systems are combined and make a robot with a spraying system. The robot & sprinkler operated wirelessly. Our project aims to spray pesticides on plants that are affected by diseases and other organisms. For that purpose, we are making the wireless operated robot with a sprayer and it is operated by using an RFmodule. The transmitter section of the RF module is on the user side that is the remote section and the receiver section is mounted on the robot. The remote contains seven keys for forward, backward, right turn left turn these keys are used for robot control, and the up& down key is used for adjusting the height of the sprinkler, one other key starts and stops the spraying system.
The power supply for the robot comes through a 9V battery. The Raspberry pi microcontroller is used to operate many operations like moving robot, spraying pesticides, and adjusting height at one time for that we selected the Raspberry pi microcontroller because it specifies our requirements and also with high precision. Another thing is a battery that is 12V rechargeable is used & regulated po we supply is used to give the supply microcontroller and for the motors. The power supply is given to motors through a motor driver circuit (L293D IC). Here we use the level sensor to detect the level of the pesticides and alarm us when the level of pesticides is goes below that level sensor, when the level is below to the sensor then buzzer. will be ON and we know that the pesticide tank is empty. We use the two sprayers to spray pesticides on two sides at a time. When the robot is running the sprayer spray pesticides on both sides of robot.
Figure 3: Image processing for detection of infecting crops.
Sprinkler motor with PID controllerThe sprinkler motor is used to spray pesticides. In order to achieve precision inspraying and to improve the efficiency various new technologies have been proposed. Pre-mixing of pesticides to a constant thickness will not be efficient as the pesticide requirement varies with each crop so this will lead to wastage of pesticides and the results will not be optimum [15]. When a Microprocessor, Differential pressure flow meter, and Electrical control injector are used in a system the test results are as follows sta tic and steady-state errors were reduced significantly. Further improvements can be made to achieve better spray rates of pesticides. When a PID controller is used in the closed loop feedback of the sprinkler motor for online flow control for variable rate spray, linear and automatic flow control can be obtained Here, SP - Set pointMV is the Manipulated variable (t) - Error SignalPV is the Process variable
The paper was aimed not just at extending the application of advanced technology in the field of agriculture, but also at bringing the technology close to the reach of farmers in a financial aspect, in a very convenient way. The paper proposes smart machinery for agriculture which promises to overcome certain challenges which lie in present-day agriculture. It encourages the use of technology to improve the productivity in agriculture. It reduces certain tedious work in agriculture and hence encourages many people to take up agriculture as an occupation. In this regard, the paper proposes an agriculture vehicle that proves to be feasible and economical to all classes of farmers who do both large-scale and small-scale farming.
The vehicle is easy to operate and is user-friendly. It also helps the farmers in hitting their target of high productivity along with secured farming. The agricultural vehicle for spraying pesticides proposed in this paper is the collaboration of all basic feasible technologies, to bring out a new and needed vehicle to assist farmers in tasks involving risks. Projects like this encourage people to take up cultivation as full-time and part-time jobs. This is very essential in developing countries, especially India, where agriculture is the backbone of the economy.
Advanced Technology in the Agriculture. (2024, Jan 10). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/document/advanced-technology-in-the-agriculture
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