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  1. 1
    Precision Validation of Gravity’s Acceleration: Picket Fence Experiment with LabPro Technology
    Words • 1184
    Pages • 5

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    The primary objective of this innovative experiment is to meticulously validate the acceleration due to gravity utilizing a picket fence in conjunction with cutting-edge LabPro technology and probeware. By employing advanced measurement tools, we aim to explore the consistent acceleration experienced by all objects during free fall, assuming a vacuum-like environment where air resistance is negligible. This endeavor seeks to unravel the fundamental principle that, regardless of mass, objects released from rest or propelled in any direction exhibit a uniform…
  2. 2
    Research Project: Investigating the Effects of Temperature on Honey Viscosity
    Words • 2216
    Pages • 9

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    Step Task What I Have Done (1)Choose a research question and check you have access to the appropriate equipment to complete the investigation. Write a formal risk assessment following the student guide. Looked at the questions and found interest in the chemistry section an then chose: How temperature effects the viscosity of honey? Came up with a formal risk assessment. (2)Analyse the variables and plan how to do the investigation. Write a draft method and carry out a trial run…
  3. 3
    Experimental Investigation of Fluid Viscosity and Its Dependencies Using Falling Ball Viscometer
    Words • 2807
    Pages • 11

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    Introduction Viscosity of a fluid is the measure of the fluid’s resistance to gradual deformation by shear and tensile stress. In informal terms, it is a measurable quantity denoting the ’thickness’ of a fluid. This was discovered in 1938 by French physicist Jean LÃľonard Marie Poiseuille. He discovered this while studying blood flow through tubes. This led him to formulate, the now famous, Poiseuille’s Law, which could be applied to fluids of any viscosity. Aim of this experiment is to…
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  4. 4
    Viscosity Measurement of Water and SAE 30 Motor Oil
    Words • 2122
    Pages • 8

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    Abstract This lab consisted of testing water and SAE 30 motor oil samples for viscosity measurement by subjecting them to pressure to measure time differences that would ultimately be used to calculate the viscosity of each fluid. The tests were carried out over a constant temperature in typical modified ostwald viscometers at different temperature data points of interest. A kinematic viscosity bath was used to quantify the relationship between viscosity, time and temperature. Introduction Any lab conducted must be representative…
  5. 5
    The Viscosity of Water Using Poiseuille’s Law
    Words • 1388
    Pages • 6

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    The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of the internal friction and resistance to force, known by experimentation to vary with temperature. This investigation sought to test the viscosity of water at different temperatures, finding values close to, and generally within experimental uncertainty of, values from an empirical model. At 16.2 ◦C, the theoretical model suggests η = 1.10 mPa·s, and this investigation achieved η = 1.2± 0.1 mPa·s. Introduction Viscosity governs the resistance to motion of a substance…
  6. 6
    Influence of Viscosity and Non-viscosity on a Growing Vapour Bubble in a Superheated Liquid Between Two-Phase Flow
    Words • 2882
    Pages • 11

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    Abstract In this paper, the growth of vapour bubble in a viscous and non-viscous fluid in superheated liquid is proposed with the new definition of parameter to find the analytical solution of vapour bubble radius. The mathematical model is formulated of mass, momentum, and heat equations. It's found that the growing of vapour bubble radius is proportional to the thermal diffusivity, while it is inversely proportional to the initial superheating, initial surface tension, and initial viscosity. In this study, the…
  7. 7
    Experimental Data of Viscosity Protic Ionic Liquids
    Words • 2783
    Pages • 11

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    Summary A semi-theoretical model based on the Eyring equation for viscosity and the use of activity coefficient expression according to the Regular Solution and Flory-Huggins theory were used to correlate experimental data on the viscosity of protic ionic liquids (2-hydroxyethylammoniumpropionate or 2-hydroxyethylammoniumButanoate or N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium Acetate or N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammoniumButanoate or Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium Propionate or Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium Butanoate) with water in the temperature range 293.15-333.15 K. This work compared the results with the experimental data and calculated viscosity values for performance…
  8. 8
    Exploring Spring Mechanics: Validating Hooke’s Law through Experimental Analysis and Error Considerations
    Words • 2694
    Pages • 10

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    The primary aim of this study is to assess the validity of Hooke's Law by conducting experiments involving two helical springs with distinct spring constants. Hooke's Law, formulated by Robert Hooke in the 17th century, posits that the force required to extend or compress a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. By comparing the behavior of two springs with different spring constants, we seek to gain insights into the law's applicability and limitations. To conduct…
  9. 9
    Exploring Effects of Solution Volume on CuO Thin Films: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties
    Words • 1666
    Pages • 7

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    Introduction Metal oxide thin films used in different applications are mostly ruled by their properties. Among these, Copper oxide (CuO) films have been investigated as a promising material for many applications. Copper oxide is an important P-type transition metal-semiconductor and it is suitable material for terrestrial applications, because of its nontoxic and abundantly available semiconducting material which can be easily synthesized using low cost methods. CuO has a monoclinic structure and direct band gap value of 1.3-2.1eV. CuO are of…
  10. 10
    Exploring Ohm’s Law: A Comprehensive Circuit Analysis
    Words • 1689
    Pages • 7

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    The initial part of the experiment employs the concept of elementary direct circuits to illustrate Ohm's law. Before delving into the practical aspects, it is essential to grasp how to interpret schematic diagrams, with key symbols being the power supply, bulb, and switch. Ohm's law establishes a relationship between current (I), resistance (R), and voltage (V), expressed as V = I * R. Part I of the experiment focuses on demonstrating the fundamentals of DC circuits, particularly in simple series…
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  11. 11
    Venturi Meter Analysis: Fluid Flow & Discharge Coefficient
    Words • 623
    Pages • 3

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    Abstract: This experiment aims to analyze and understand the properties of fluid flow in a convergent-divergent section, such as a venturi meter, which is used to measure flow rates. The continuity equation and Bernoulli's principle are investigated, with practical implications. Water, an incompressible fluid, is used as the working medium. The experiment maintains constant inlet and throat areas. Flow rates are measured, and pressure values at the throat and inlet are recorded. The relationship between different parameters is graphically presented.…
  12. 12
    Lab Report: Forced Convection Heat Transfer
    Words • 2152
    Pages • 8

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    Abstract: The heat transfer coefficient plays a crucial role in distinguishing between forced convection and free convection. External forces significantly influence its value, while free convection is characterized by the absence of external forces. This experiment focuses on forced convection to calculate the heat transfer coefficient, as it determines the fluid's ability to transfer heat efficiently. Additionally, we calculate two important non-dimensional numbers closely associated with the heat transfer coefficient: the Nusselt number and the Stanton number. Our findings indicate…
  13. 13
    Pressure Drop Across A Pipe Experiment Report
    Words • 671
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction The flow of fluids through pipes is a fundamental aspect of various industrial and engineering applications. Understanding the behavior of fluid flow in pipes is essential for designing efficient systems and predicting the associated pressure losses. In this experiment, we aim to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of water through both rough and smooth pipes. Background When a fluid, such as water, flows through a pipe, it encounters resistance due to the friction between…
  14. 14
    Pressure Drop Across A Pipe Experiment Report
    Words • 671
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction The flow of fluids through pipes is a fundamental aspect of various industrial and engineering applications. Understanding the behavior of fluid flow in pipes is essential for designing efficient systems and predicting the associated pressure losses. In this experiment, we aim to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of water through both rough and smooth pipes. Objective The objective of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between pressure drop and the flow rate of…
  15. 15
    Characterizing Fluid Flow with Reynolds Numbers
    Words • 720
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction Fluid flow is a fundamental aspect of engineering and physics, with applications ranging from the design of efficient pipelines to understanding the behavior of blood circulation in the human body. The characterization of fluid flow is crucial in determining its performance and optimizing its applications. One of the key parameters used to classify fluid flow is the Reynolds number, denoted as Re. In this experiment, we aim to characterize different types of fluid flow by calculating the Reynolds number…
  16. 16
    Design of Electronic Circuits Lab Report
    Words • 1019
    Pages • 4

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    The ability to analysis a circuit gives a potential electrical engineer the ability to learn how to problem solve in a theoretical and practical sense which in turn develops industry skills in which will follow them for life, and allow a solid knowledge base for the rest of their career. This report covers the analysis of a DC circuit in order to determine unknown values within a circuit and covers the design process of a DC circuit when specific voltages…
  17. 17
    Experiment on Pipe Friction Apparatus & Hydraulic Bench
    Words • 1232
    Pages • 5

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    Introduction This report discusses the experiment conducted using a pipe friction apparatus and a hydraulic bench. The objectives of this experiment are twofold. First, to investigate the laws governing friction losses in pipe flows by measuring the friction factor as a function of the Reynolds number, considering both laminar and turbulent flows. Second, to experimentally determine the major losses due to friction in a fully developed pipe flow. The following relations were utilized in the calculations of these experiments: Equations:…
  18. 18
    Calibration of Bourdon Apparatus: a Report
    Words • 641
    Pages • 3

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    1. Objectives The primary objectives of this experiment are as follows: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the working principle of the Bourdon apparatus. To perform calculations and explore the fundamental concepts of pressure. To determine the percentage of error in the Bourdon scale readings and ensure the accuracy of pressure measurement through calibration using a calibration cylinder. 2. Theory The Bourdon tube manometer is a crucial instrument in fluid mechanics and pressure measurement. It operates on the principle that…
  19. 19
    Nanoparticle Characterization Laboratory Report
    Words • 1132
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    Introduction Nanomaterials, consisting of nanoparticles (NPs) with at least 50% of their external dimensions falling within the range of 1 to 100 nm, exhibit unique chemical and physical properties compared to bulk materials. These properties include enhanced catalytic activity, improved solubility, altered optical behavior due to their high surface area, electronic properties, as well as controlled morphology. Nanomaterials have diverse applications across various scientific disciplines and industries. With the increasing variety of nanomaterials being synthesized, there is a growing need…
  20. 20
    Stearic Acid as Additive for Bio Lubricant Formulations in Neem Seed Oil
    Words • 1327
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    Abstract Vegetable oils are emerging as a promising source of renewable and eco-friendly lubricants due to their excellent lubricity, high thermal stability, and biodegradability. This study evaluates and compares the lubricant properties and environmental impacts of Neem seed oil with and without stearic acid additive to commercially available mineral oil SAE20W40. Key lubricant properties such as tribological, thermal, and rheological properties, as well as environmental effects like biodegradability, are examined. Neem seed oil is mixed with varying proportions of stearic…
  21. 21
    Lab Report: Thermometer Calibration and Cooling Curve Experiment
    Words • 2834
    Pages • 11

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    Introduction In this laboratory experiment, we conducted the calibration of two thermometers and subsequently compared their accuracy during the cooling curve experiment. The primary objective was to determine which thermometer yielded more reliable results when applied to the cooling curve practical. Accurate temperature measurements are crucial for obtaining precise data in various scientific applications. The cooling curve experiment involves creating a graphical representation of the phase transitions that occur as a substance cools. Specifically, it reveals the stages at which…
  22. 22
    Determination Of The Heat Of Combustion And The Standard Enthalpy Of Formation Of Glucose
    Words • 2221
    Pages • 9

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    Abstract: In this experiment, the primary objective is to determine the heat of combustion of glucose using a constant-volume bomb calorimeter. Subsequently, this value will be utilized to calculate both the enthalpy of combustion and the standard enthalpy of formation of glucose. The initial step involves using benzoic pellets as a standard for determining the calorimeter's heat capacity. Additionally, benzoic acid is employed along with glucose pellets as a spiking material to facilitate the ignition of glucose, which is challenging…
  23. 23
    Thermal Analysis of Stearic Acid and Paraffin Wax
    Words • 838
    Pages • 4

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    Introduction The aim of this experiment was to perform a calorimetry experiment to draw a cooling curve and analyze the data to reach conclusions. Prior to conducting the calorimetry experiment using stearic acid and paraffin wax, it was essential to calibrate the equipment to ensure accurate temperature readings. Safety measures were implemented to prevent accidents and environmental harm during the calibration process. This included wearing safety glasses and lab coats and responsibly disposing of waste solutions. Objective The primary objectives…
  24. 24
    Determination of Specific Heat in Stearic Acid & Paraffin Wax
    Words • 770
    Pages • 3

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    Abstract This lab report presents the results of a calorimetry experiment conducted to determine the specific heat capacity of stearic acid and paraffin wax. Prior to the experiment, two thermometers were calibrated and tested. The experiment involved heating these substances until they melted and recording their temperatures as they cooled down. The data collected allowed for the calculation of specific heat capacities for both stearic acid and paraffin wax. The results showed that stearic acid has a specific heat capacity…
  25. 25
    Relationship Between Drop Height and Diameter of Plasticine Sphere
    Words • 769
    Pages • 3

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    Abstract The experiment aims to investigate the relationship between the drop height of a plasticine sphere and the diameter of the flattened part after dropping. The hypothesis is that as the drop height increases, the diameter of the flattened part will also increase. The experiment involved dropping plasticine spheres from different heights and measuring their diameters. The results supported the hypothesis, demonstrating a direct proportionality between drop height and diameter. 1. Introduction The experiment explores the relationship between the drop…
  26. 26
    Buoyancy & Density: Exploring Factors Affecting Float or Sink
    Words • 688
    Pages • 3

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    Abstract The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to investigate the factors affecting whether objects float or sink in a liquid. Two activities were conducted to explore the relationship between an object's mass, volume, density, and the density of the liquid. In Activity A, various objects were tested in water to determine their buoyancy. The mass, volume, and density of each object were calculated and analyzed. Activity B examined the impact of changing liquid density on object buoyancy. Predictions were…
  27. 27
    Laboratory Report: Pressure Measurement
    Words • 606
    Pages • 3

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    Experiment #1 Objective The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate different pressure measurement methods. It involves using U-tube and inclined tube manometers, as well as calibrating a Bourdon tube manometer using a dead weight piston gauge. Theory Pressure (symbol: p or P) is defined as the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. It is typically measured in units such as N/m2, Pa, or psi. Absolute pressure (pabs)…
  28. 28
    Experimental Determination of the Speed of Sound in Air
    Words • 1625
    Pages • 6

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    Introduction: Sounds are vibrations that spread as waves and are carried through mediums, such as, solids, liquids or gasses, this idea was first established by Sir Isaac Newton. Frequency is the number of waves or complete revolutions that happen in one second (Vorderman,2012). The aim of this experiment is finding the various wavelengths at which resonance occurs when changes in the tuning forks are taking place to find the speed of sound and the end correction. In this experiment the…
  29. 29
    Excitations of Solitary Waves along Alpha-Helical Protein Molecules
    Words • 858
    Pages • 4

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    Abstract A protein molecular structure consists of connected alpha-helices and/or beta-strands. The alpha-helix is a right-handed helix with peptide bonds located on the inner, and the side chains extending outward. It is stabilized by hydrogen bonds formed between the amino group and carbonyl groups of every fourth peptide bond. This study applies the Jacobian elliptic function method, a powerful tool for constructing nonlinear solutions, to investigate the nonlinear excitations in the form of solitary waves along alpha helical protein molecules.…
  30. 30
    Star-ship Looserivet Physics Lab Report
    Words • 819
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction This physics lab report presents an analysis of the gravitational forces and celestial dynamics observed in a newly discovered universe. Our mission aboard the Star-ship Looserivet involved gathering data on various planets' orbital radii and periods. This data has allowed us to explore the unique physics of this universe and calculate fundamental constants, such as the universal gravitational constant (G), and understand the behavior of celestial bodies in this alternate reality. Experimental Data The following table provides the known…
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  31. 31
    Dynamics Lab Report – Radius of Gyration
    Words • 692
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction: The study of dynamics and the principles governing the motion of objects is fundamental to understanding the physical world around us. In this lab report, we investigate the concept of the radius of gyration by conducting experiments with a rolling disc on an inclined plane. The radius of gyration is a crucial parameter in rotational motion, providing insights into how mass is distributed in a rotating body. By conducting this experiment, we aim to determine the radius of gyration…
  32. 32
    Impact of Parachute Shape on Falling Object Speed
    Words • 1100
    Pages • 4

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    Abstract This experiment aims to investigate how different shapes of parachutes affect the speed of a falling object. The study hypothesizes that the circular parachute would result in the slowest falling speed when compared to rectangular and square parachutes, assuming constant variables such as weight, height, material, and surface area. The experiment involved dropping a 5.6-gram weight from an 8-meter height with various parachute shapes, measuring the time of descent and calculating velocity. The results showed that the rectangular parachute…
  33. 33
    Equation Of State Of Grossular Garnet: A Review
    Words • 2934
    Pages • 11

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    Abstract Grossular garnet is a mineral of significant importance in the Earth's upper mantle and mantle change zone. This paper explores the thermodynamic properties of grossular garnet using equations of state. Various equations of state, including the Murnaghan and Birch-Murnaghan models, are discussed to understand the behavior of grossular garnet under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Additionally, the compositional dependence of thermal expansion and elastic moduli of grossular garnet is investigated. The results provide valuable insights into the properties of this…
  34. 34
    Wave-Particle Duality of Electrons and Photoelectric Effect
    Words • 1614
    Pages • 6

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    Abstract All matter can be modeled as a particle or a wave. In this report, electrons, in particular, are described to have wave-particle duality. De Broglie proposed that electrons can travel as waves and can exhibit behavior like diffraction where it was found that as the speed of the accelerated electrons increased, the de Broglie wavelength of electrons decreased. Einstein proposed that light is composed of particles called photons with energy E = hv, and the photoelectric effect illustrated that…
  35. 35
    Determining Radius of Gyration of a Disc Rolling on an Inclined Plane
    Words • 898
    Pages • 4

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    Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the radius of gyration of a disc rolling on an inclined plane. Apparatus: Inclined Plane Stop Watch Vernier Caliper Meter Rod Theory Moment of Inertia: Newton’s First Law tells us that "a body remains at rest or moves with uniform velocity in a straight line unless an external force acts on it." This concept gives rise to the idea of inertia, which is a property of mass. The more massive an…
  36. 36
    Hydrostatics and Properties of Fluids Lab Report
    Words • 756
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction The Hydrostatic Bench is intended for the demonstration of the fluid's hydrostatic characteristics and behavior (fluid at rest). This enables learners to acquire a comprehension of a variety of basic concepts and methods before they study liquids in motion[1]. Theoretical Background of Experiment 2.1 Density The density of any liquid is characterized as the mass per unit volume and is signified by 'ρ'. It ought to be noticed that the density of a fluid remains reasonably consistent because the…
  37. 37
    Measurement of The Coefficient of Static and Kinetic Friction
    Words • 871
    Pages • 4

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    Abstract This report explores and analyzes frictional force data collected in a frictional simulation. The experiment's first part involves measuring static and kinetic friction and recording the data. Secondly, static and kinetic frictional force coefficients are calculated using data collected from part one of this experimentation. The frictional force was measured using three different masses from the simulation, and the coefficients of each were calculated. The final aim of this experiment is to calculate the mass of a gift box…
  38. 38
    Lab Report: Flowrate Measurement Using Pitot Tube and Venturi
    Words • 712
    Pages • 3

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    Introduction The primary objective of this lab experiment is to investigate the comparison between flowrates measured using a pitot tube and a venturi in different airspeed conditions. The experiment seeks to provide reasonably accurate flowrate values for airflow at various speeds. The experiment relies on two fundamental principles: the continuity principle and Bernoulli's principle. The continuity principle states that for a controlled volume, the mass entering is equal to the mass exiting, which leads to the mass flowrate equation. Bernoulli's…
  39. 39
    Interferometer Experiment Lab Report
    Words • 1127
    Pages • 5

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    Abstract This report presents an experiment using an interferometer to measure the thickness of a nanometer-scale bubble film. The interference phenomenon is employed to extract information, and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used in this study. We measured the thickness at a 90-degree position of four bubbles created from different concentrations of solutions, with all results on the scale of 1000nm. During the measurement, we observed fringe patterns, mainly the Fizeau fringe pattern, which are analyzed to determine the fringe shift.…
  40. 40
    Fluid Dynamics: Continuity Equation and Bernoulli’s Equation
    Words • 2109
    Pages • 8

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    Introduction In this report, we will investigate the behavior of fluid dynamics, focusing on fluids in motion. Specifically, we will initially consider ideal fluids, which are defined as fluids with zero viscosity, making them inviscid. Inviscid fluids experience no resistance to movement, whether past solid objects or adjacent portions of the fluid moving at different velocities. Methodology Our analysis begins with the examination of a differential volume of fluid, which remains a coherent unit of mass as it moves through…
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