Types of transportation systems

Traditionally, there are four types of transportation systems: roads, railways, airways and waterways. Basically, all these transport systems have many disadvantages, because roads and waterways are very slow, the airways are too expensive and the combination of both is slow and expensive, namely the railways. Accept all this, they are very polluted, such as air pollution, noise etc.

In addition to this lack of safety, it is also a key problem. All these problems are solved in the new transport system, which is known as HYPERLOOP system, because it is very fast and economical for people and goods.

Hyperloop consists of a low-pressure tube with capsules, which are transported at high speed and low speed over the entire length of the tube. Hyperloop One technology uses a passive magnetic levitation train for the same purpose. Linear induction motors along the tube that speed up and slow down the train at the right speed for each section of tube.

If friction resistance is reduced and air resistance is greatly reduced, the capsules can slide for most of the journey.

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The speed of the capsule is controlled by the vector control of induction motors, which is one of the most appropriate and popular speed control techniques currently used. V / F scalar control techniques, on the other hand, have been easy to implement, but tend to be unstable because of the higher order system. At low speeds, frequently changing instabilities may develop. To overcome these limitations, a "field oriented" or "vector" control has been developed in which the phase and magnitude of the stator currents are regulated to maintain the optimum angle between the MMF stator and the rotor flux.

This command is based on the transformation of a three-phase system as a function of time and frequency in a time invariant system with two coordinates (axes d and q).

Introduction

The main concept of Hyperloop is to send a capsule at very high speed, close to the speed of sound, in a partially evacuated tube using an electromagnetic control system. The capsule is levitated with a high-pressure air cushion. An axial air compressor is in the nose of the capsule to utilize the relatively high air pressure at the front of the capsule, thereby decreasing air resistance. The air leaving the compressor is injected through nozzles located in the lower part of the capsule for levitation. The difficult problem is that we must ensure that no shock wave is generated on the surface of the capsule, unless the capsule behaves like a syringe.

The compressor is powered by an electric motor that draws its energy from the rechargeable DC batteries on board. To achieve high speeds, the linear induction motor is the most efficient way to create a gentle thrust that can overcome the resistance of the air. A single-sided linear induction motor is designed and optimized to achieve the maximum possible speed and maximum thrust with the available power source. The main part of the engine consists of a grooved iron core rolled with coils in the slots. The electromagnetic induction of these coils produces eddy currents in the rail conductor. According to Lenz's law, an opposite magnetic field is generated which repels the magnetic field of the primary motion; Therefore, a compressive force acts on the grooved core attached to the bottom of the capsule, resulting in a very high speed.

The drive system is powered by alternating current. Inverters and phase converters convert the DC power supply of the built-in batteries into a high-frequency, three-phase power supply. Solar panels cover the tube to charge DC batteries. Standard commercial pumps can easily overcome air leaks and maintain the required low pressure in the tube. The LIM is clean, its maintenance is easy because it has no moving parts or gear. By integrating these subsystems, the Hyperloop capsule is designed [3].