Strategies in Translation: Tackling Cultural and Linguistic Challenges

Constant reevaluation of the attempt made; contrasting it with the existing available translations of the same text done by other translators Constant reevaluation of the attempt made; contrasting it with the existing available translations of the same text done by other translators Procedures of translating culture-specific concepts (CSCs) (Graedler) Procedures of translating culture-specific concepts (CSCs) (Graedler)

Making up a new word.

Explaining the meaning of the SL expression in lieu of translating it.

Making up a new word.

Explaining the meaning of the SL expression in lieu of translating it.

Preserving the SL term intact.

Opting for a word in the TL which seems similar to or has the same "relevance" as the SL term.

Preserving the SL term intact.

Opting for a word in the TL which seems similar to or has the same "relevance" as the SL term.

Techniques for translating CBTs (Harvey) Techniques for translating CBTs (Harvey)

Transcription or 'borrowing' If the term is formally transparent or is explained in the context, it may be used alone.

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Descriptive or self-explanatory translation: It uses generic terms (not CBTs) to convey the meaning.

Transcription or 'borrowing' If the term is formally transparent or is explained in the context, it may be used alone.

Descriptive or self-explanatory translation: It uses generic terms (not CBTs) to convey the meaning

Functional Equivalence: It means using a referent in the TL culture whose function is similar to that of the source language

Formal Equivalence or 'linguistic equivalence': It means a 'word-for-word' translation.

Functional Equivalence: It means using a referent in the TL culture whose function is similar to that of the source language

Formal Equivalence or 'linguistic equivalence': It means a 'word-for-word' translation. Strategies for translating the proper name allusions (Leppihalme) Strategies for translating the proper name allusions (Leppihalme) i. Replacement of the name by another: a. Replacing the name by another SL name. b. replacing the name by a TL name ii.

Replacement of the name by another: c. Replacing the name by another SL name. d.replacing the name by a TL name iii. Retention of the name: e. using the name as such. f. using the name, adding some guidance. g. using the name, adding a detailed explanation, for instance, a footnote. iv.

Retention of the name: h. using the name as such. i. using the name, adding some guidance. j. using the name, adding a detailed explanation, for instance, a footnote. v. Omission of the name: k. omitting the name, but transferring the sense by other means, for instance by a common noun. l. omitting the name and the allusion together. vi.

Omission of the name: m. omitting the name, but transferring the sense by other means, for instance by a common noun. n. omitting the name and the allusion together. Strategies for the translation of key-phrase allusions(9) (Leppihalme) Strategies for the translation of key-phrase allusions(9) (Leppihalme) i. Reduction of the allusion to sense by rephrasing, ii.

Re-creation, using a fusion of techniques: creative construction of a passage which hints at the connotations of the allusion or other special effects created by it, iii. Omission of the allusion. iv. Reduction of the allusion to sense by rephrasing, v. Re-creation, using a fusion of techniques: creative construction of a passage which hints at the connotations of the allusion or other special effects created by it, vi. Omission of the allusion. vii.

The use of footnotes, endnotes, translator's notes and other explicit explanations not supplied in the text but explicitly given as additional information, viii. Stimulated familiarity or internal marking, that is, the addition of intra-allusive allusion , ix. Replacement by a TL item, x. The use of footnotes, endnotes, translator's notes and other explicit explanations not supplied in the text but explicitly given as additional information, xi. Stimulated familiarity or internal marking, that is, the addition of intra-allusive allusion , xii. Replacement by a TL item, xiii. Use of a standard translation, xiv.

Minimum change, that is, a literal translation, without regard to connotative or contextual meaning, xv. Extra allusive guidance added in the text, xvi. Use of a standard translation, xvii. Minimum change, that is, a literal translation, without regard to connotative or contextual meaning, xviii. Extra allusive guidance added in the text.