Translation: A Language and Culture Expertise

Translation is process which requires deep knowledge of both first language (Mother tongue /regional) and second (Foreign / target language) like universal language English and national language Hindi. Translation become ideal when translator succeed in provide accurate meaning of the text, He must know how to construct sentence and grammar, these elements helpful for make translation original or natural. Vijay Tendulker is Marathi play writer whose plays translated in to universal language English. Tendulker not only emphasize on individual problems but also social which attract audience towards theatre.

Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar was born on 6th January 1928 in Girgaon situated in Mumbai capital of Indian state Maharashtra. He took his final breath on 19 May 2008. He was all rounder in various arts like dramatist, movie and television writer, literary essayist, political journalist, and social commentator. He is popular for his plays Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe(1967), Ghshirm Kotwl (1972), and Sakhrm Binder (1972). Tendulkar's plays based on real-life incidents or social problems. His goal is clear to focous on harsh realities.

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Base of Tendulker's Play'sTendulkar is a famous Marathi dramatist who achieve prestigious place in the galaxy of international playwrights. He successfully reaches on landmark which recorded in golden words in the history of the Indian theatre. Tendulkar skillfully Use historical incidents happened during the Peshwa regime, the playwright focuses on those backdrops of kings in the form of violence, treachery, sensuality, and immorality latent in contemporary politics and reveals the fact that hypocrisy, greed, and brutality characterize power politics.Vijay Tendulker's plays translated in English by Bengali writer Samik Bandopadhyay.

The Collected Plays in translation is well-known book, it is a collection of popular plays of Tendulker whom every Indian gives respect as an ideal play writer, Collected Plays in translation includes 7 plays so it is like a rainbow which reflects seven colors in the form of social issues these plays are 1)Sakharam Binder 2)A friends Story 3)Silence! Silence! The Court 4) Kanyadan 5) the Vultures 6) Kamala and 7) Ghanshiram Kotwal . Vijay Tendulkar s famous plays published by Oxford University Press in 2004... His plays translated from Marathi. A Book entitled collected plays in translation includes a preface written by Tendulkar himself, Dramatist introduces his audience art of writing plays, and essential skills of a playwright. Samik Bandyopadhyay in his introduction focus on the role of power in Tendulkar s plays. Themes of Tendulker's plays reflect how complicated situations change or develop human relationships. Each play seems like a satire or criticism of modern Indian society. Every play produces different character who gives valuable message. Sakharam BinderSakharam Binder explores the complications of human nature, two necessary components of which are sex and violence.A Friend s StoryA Friend s Story is a stark commentary on the nature of both heterosexual and homosexual love.Silence! The Court is in SessionSilence! The Court is in Session combines social criticism with the tragedy of an individual victimized by society. . Silence! The Court is in Session portrays Violence in the form of the cruel, cunning game in the form of a mock-trial Silence! The Court is in Session, Tendulkar got inspiration from a real-life incident. He met an amateur group that was on its way to stage a mock trial in Vile-parle, a suburb of Mumbai. While overhearing their conversation, the outline of the play began to take shape in his mind, and the ultimate result of it was the birth and creation of the play. The original Marathi play was written for the Rangayan at the instance of Arvind and Sulabha Deshpande in 1967, and was first performed in its English version in 1971, in Chennai, and was directed by Ammu Mathew.KanyadaanKanyadan deals with young Dalit's brutal treatment of his pregnant wife in Kanyadan, and finally, Kanyadaan explores the texture of modernity and social change in India through a marriage between tow people of different castes and backgrounds. A compilation of eight plays, The VulturesTendulker's well known play The Vultures, published in 1971, it is different from the other plays of Tendulkar .The Vultures depict the economic and moral degeneration of a family. The Vultures is faithful imagery of the rude, brutal interactions of the family members, The conservative Maharashtrian people were stunned to observe the vulgar reality of their lives presented through the sexual relations and the scenes of violence in the play The title of the play The Vultures itself indicates the unpleasant subject-matter of the play.KamalaKamala is story of traditional Hindu women who support her husband in his successful life. Tendulkar revolt or attack on the institution of marriage,. The theme is discussed through the triangular relationship of Sarita-Jaisingh-Kamala. The event depicted is based on a real-life incident. his main objective is not to expose the inhuman flesh market, but to achieve name, fame, and position. For him, Kamala is not a human being, but a marketable commodity that can bring him reputation in his professional career and promotion in his job. Thus, the real-life incident of the flesh market exhibits the violence practised and enjoyed by the present-day generation, particularly the careerist young ones.Ghashiram KotwalGhashiram Kotwal, set in Maharashtra in the late eighteenth century, recounts the power game played out in terms of caste ascendancy in politics. Conclusion - Thus, all the translated plays reflect themes like violence, power, repression, and frustration these issues exist in the contemporary Indian society. Silence! The Court is in Session portrays Violence in the form of the cruel, cunning game in the form of a mock-trial, Kamala represents over-ambitious young journalist whose craze for money and fame , Sakharam Binder reflects hero's excessive sexual lust, The Vultures is faithful imagery of the rude, brutal interactions of the family members, Ghashiram Kotwal is story of Ghashiram's revenge on the Brahmins of Poona , Kanyadan deals with young Dalit's brutal treatment of his pregnant wife in Kanyadan, and finally, in Mitra's relationship to Nama in A Friend's Story.